Unity & Diversity

Water

Hydrogen Bonds

Physical & Chemical Properties of Water

Origin of Water on Earth

Nucleic Acids

DNA & RNA Structure

Basis of Genetic Code

Nucleic Acid Structure & Function

DNA Structure

Nucleosomes & Molecular Visualisation Software: Skills

The Hershey & Chase Experiment

Chargaff's Data

Origins of Cells

Formation of Carbon Compounds

Evolution of Cells

Evidence for Evolution of Life

Cell Structure

Cell Theory

Cell Theory: Skills

Microscopes

General Cell Structure

Prokaryotic Cell Structure

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Functions of Life

Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Comparisons & Atypical Examples

Cell Types & Structures: Skills

Drawing Cells: Skills

Endosymbiotic Theory

Cell Differentiation

Multicellularity

Viruses

Virus Structure

Replication in Viruses

Origin & Evolution of Viruses

Diversity of Organisms

Biological Species Concept

Chromosome Number

Karyograms: Skills

Genomes

Comparing Genome Sizes: Skills

Uses of Genome Sequencing

Biological Species Concept: Challenges

Chromosome Number: Cross-Breeding

Dichotomous Keys: Skills

Environmental DNA & Barcodes

Classification & Cladistics

Biological Classification

Cladistics

Reclassification

Classification System

Evolution & Speciation

Evolution

Evidence of Evolution

Convergent Evolution

Speciation

Types of Speciation

Adaptive Radiation

Speciation in Plants

Conservation of Biodiversity

Biodiversity

Reasons for Extinction

Ecosystem Loss

Loss of Biodiversity

How to Preserve Biodiversity

Form & Function

Carbohydrates & Lipids

Properties of Carbon

Macromolecules

Carbohydrates: Definition, Functions & Examples

Role of Glycoproteins

Lipids

Fatty Acids

Phospholipids

Proteins

Formation of Proteins

The Variety of Proteins

Protein Structure: Effect of pH & Temperature

Amino Acid Diversity

Levels of Protein Structure

Globular & Fibrous Proteins

Membranes & Membrane Transport

Lipid Bilayers

Membrane Proteins

Membrane Transport

Glycolipids & Glycoproteins

The Fluid Mosaic Model: Skills

Membrane Fluidity

Active Transport & Bulk Transport

Cell Adhesion

Organelles & Compartmentalisation

Cell Organelles

Cell Compartmentalisation

Adaptations of Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

Organelles in Protein Synthesis

Vesicle Formation

Cell Specialisation

Stem Cells

Cell Specialisation

Specialised Cells

Examples of Specialised Cells

Gas Exchange

Gas Exchange in Organisms

Mammalian Lungs: Adaptations

Mechanism of Ventilation

Measuring Lung Volumes: Skills

Gas Exchange in Plants

Drawing Leaf Structure: Skills

Determining Stomatal Density: Skills

Haemoglobin & Oxygen

The Bohr Shift

The Oxygen Dissociation Curve

Transport

Blood Vessels

Identify Blood Vessels: Skills

Measuring Pulse Rate: Skills

Coronary Heart Disease: Skills

The Transpiration Stream

Adaptations of Xylem Vessels

Drawing Root & Stem Structure: Skills

Tissue Fluid

Circulatory Systems

The Mammalian Heart

The Cardiac Cycle: Skills

The Roots & Water Transport

Translocation in Plants

Muscle & Motility

Adaptations for Movement

Mechanism of Muscle Contraction

Skeletal Muscle

Requirements for Movement

Movement of Joints: Skills

Locomotion in Organisms

Adaptation to Environment

Habitats

Abiotic Factors & Species Distribution

Species Distribution: Skills

Abiotic Factors: Marine & Terrestrial

Biomes

Ecological Niches

Ecological Niches

Methods of Nutrition

Nutrition in Hominidae: Skills

Nutrition: Adaptations of Organisms

Competition Between Species

Interaction & Interdependence

Enzymes & Metabolism

Metabolism: Enzymes & Reactions

Enzyme Action

Enzyme Activity: Skills

Enzyme Reaction Rates: Skills

Activation Energy: Skills

Metabolic Pathways

Enzyme Inhibition

Cell Respiration

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Cell Respiration

Cell Respiration: Skills

Oxidation & Reduction

Glycolysis

Anaerobic Respiration

The Link Reaction & The Krebs Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Respiratory Substrates

Photosynthesis

The Process of Photosynthesis

Separating Photosynthetic Pigments: Skills

Absorption Spectra

Absorption & Action Spectra: Skills

Limiting Factors of Photosynthesis: Skills

Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Experiments

Photosystems

Light Dependent Reactions

Photophosphorylation

Light Independent Reactions

Interdependence of Photosynthetic Reactions

Chemical Signalling

Cell Signalling

Signalling Molecules

Receiving the Signal

Transmembrane Receptors

Epinephrine Receptors

Intracellular Receptors

Regulating Cell Signalling

Neural Signalling

Neurones: Function & Structure

Nerve Impulses

Nerve Impulses: Skills

Synapses

Action Potentials

Interpreting Oscilloscope Traces: Skills

Nerve Conduction Velocity

Synaptic Transmission

Neurones in the Brain

Integration of Body Systems

Integration in Living Organisms

The Nervous System

Reflex Arc & Movement Control

Epinephrine & Melatonin

Control Mechanisms

Observing Tropic Responses: Skills

Phototropism

Plant Hormones

Regulating Plant Growth & Fruit Ripening

Defence Against Disease

Pathogens

Barriers to Pathogens: Skin & Mucous Membranes

Blood Clotting

The Immune System

White Blood Cells

Adaptive Immune Response

HIV & AIDS

Antibiotics

Antibiotic Resistance

Zoonoses

Vaccines & Immunity

Evaluating COVID-19 Data: Skills

Populations & Communities

Populations in Ecosystems

Estimating Population Size

Limiting Population Size

Limiting Population Size: Examples

Population Growth Curves: Skills

Populations: Intraspecific Relationships

Community: Interspecific Relationships

Interspecific Competition

Chi-Squared Test: Skills

Transfer of Energy & Matter

Ecosystems as Open Systems

Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Obtaining Carbon Compounds in Ecosystems

Trophic Levels

Pyramids of Energy: Skills

Energy Losses

Primary & Secondary Production

The Carbon Cycle

Nutrient Cycling

Continuity & Change

DNA Replication

DNA Replication

Electrophoresis & PCR

Electrophoresis & PCR: Applications

Mechanism of DNA Replication

Protein Synthesis

Transcription in Protein Synthesis

Translation in Protein Synthesis

The Genetic Code

Protein Structure & Mutations

Mechanism of Transcription

Post-Transcriptional Modification

Translation & the Proteome

Mutations & Gene Editing

Gene Mutations

Consequences of Gene Mutations

Mutations & Genetic Variation

Gene Editing

Conserved Sequences

Cell & Nuclear Division

Cell Division

Nuclear Division

Mitosis

Mitosis: Skills

Meiosis

Cell Cycle

Uncontrolled Cell Division & Tumour Formation

Mitotic Index: Skills

Gene Expression

Gene Expression

Regulating Transcription & Translation

Environment & Gene Expression

Environment & Gene Expression: Examples

Water Potential

Osmosis

Osmosis in Cells

Osmosis: Skills

Water Potential

Water Movement in Plant Tissue

Reproduction

Sexual & Asexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

The Menstrual Cycle

Fertilisation

Plant Reproduction

Pollination

Seed Dispersal & Germination

Hormones & Puberty

Gametogenesis

Fertilisation & Implantation

Hormones in Pregnancy

The Placenta

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Inheritance

Genetic Inheritance & Genetic Crossing

Inheritance: Terminology

Inheriting Alleles

Sex Determination

Pedigree Charts

Continuous Variation: Skills

Dihybrid Crosses & Unlinked Genes

Statistical Analysis of Dihybrid Crosses

Genes & Polypeptides: Skills

Gene Linkage

Identifying Recombinants

Homeostasis

Homeostasis: Maintaining the Internal Environment

Regulation of Blood Glucose

Thermoregulation

Osmoregulation & Excretion

Production of Urine

Changes in Blood Supply to Organs

Natural Selection

Natural Selection & Evolution

Selection Pressures

Selection Pressures: Skills

Gene Pools

Allele Frequencies: Skills

Types of Natural Selection

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Artificial Selection

Stability & Change

Stability in Ecosystems

Ecosystem Stability: Skills

Keystone Species

Sustainability in Ecosystems & Agriculture

Eutrophication

The Effects of Pollution

Restoring Ecosystems

Ecological Succession

Human Influence on Succession

Climate Change

Causes of Climate Change

Impact of Climate Change

Carbon Sequestration

Climate Change: Phenology

Climate Change: Evolution

Tools

Tool 1: Experimental Techniques

Safety, Ethical & Environmental Issues in Biology

Measuring Variables in Biology

Applying Techniques in Biology

Tool 2: Technology

Applying Technology to Collect Data in Biology

Applying Technology to Process Data in Biology

Tool 3: Mathematics

Applying General Mathematics in Biology

Using Units, Symbols & Numerical Values in Biology

Processing Uncertainties in Biology

Graphing in Biology

Exam boards

• DP IB Biology: SL

Study tools

• DP IB Biology · Exam Questions
• DP IB Biology · Flashcards
• DP IB Biology · Past Papers

Related links

• IB Biology · Revision Notes
• IB Biology · Exam Questions
• IB Biology · Flashcards
• IB Biology · Past Papers