Antibody Production & Vaccination (DP IB Biology: HL)

Which of the following statements are true for antigens?

1. Antigens are proteins, glycolipids or glycoproteins found on the surface of the cell membrane
2. The symptoms of allergies, such as a runny nose or itchy eyes, are directly caused by antigens
3. Blood cells have antigens which determine blood type

Identify which of the combinations of blood types are compatible for a blood transfusion from donor to recipient.

What is required to initiate a specific immune response?

Which of the following statements about plasma cells is incorrect?

Which of the following describes opsonisation?

Edward Jenner carried out a controversial procedure whilst developing a vaccination for smallpox in the 1700s.

Which of the following statements best describes the ethical issues which made Jenners investigations so controversial?

The graph below shows the number of antibodies in the blood of patients before vaccination, after one dose of vaccine, and again after two doses.

Which of the following is not associated with the response seen after the second dose of vaccine?

Which is the correct sequence of events in an allergic reaction?

1. Mast cells and basophils are activated
2. IgE antibodies are released
3. Allergens trigger a specific immune response by activating B-cells
4. Histamines are produced
5. Blood vessels dilate

The diagram shows a procedure used to create monoclonal antibodies.

Identify the correct labels for X, Y, and Z to complete the process.

Which words or phrases can be used to fill spaces (I) and (II) in the following sentence?

Scientists have particular concerns about the spread of diseases in animals that may result in …....(I)....... transfer of pathogens to humans. …….(II)....... help to develop an understanding of the spread of disease in particular geographical areas and allow specific targeting where there are outbreaks.

The statements below describe different types of vaccines

1. Contains part of a pathogen that induces an immune response.
2. Contains antibodies for the pathogen.
3. Contains a pathogen that has been treated with heat or chemicals.
4. Contains a weakened strain of the pathogen.

Which row of the table below correctly describes these types of vaccines?

The statements below refer to the functions of antibodies:

1. Antibodies can combine with viruses inside cells to prevent them from damaging cells.
2. Antibodies can attach to flagella to make the bacteria less mobile.
3. Antibodies with single binding sites can cause agglutination of bacteria.
4. Antibodies can, with other molecules, make holes in the cell walls of bacteria.
5. Antibodies can coat bacteria to mark them for phagocytosis.
6. Antibodies can neutralise toxins.

Which of these statements are not correct?

If a patient is given a transfusion of the wrong blood type, an immune response results. This response involves agglutination followed by haemolysis, where red blood cells are destroyed and blood may then coagulate. Blood typing involves mixing blood samples with antibodies. The diagram below shows the results of a blood typing test, showing the reactions between blood types (rows) and antibody serums (columns). The first column shows the appearance of each blood sample before testing occurred.

Identify the row in the table below that correctly identifies the blood type of blood samples I - IV.

When a phagocyte responds to the presence of a pathogen, the following events happen:

1. Enzymatic digestion
2. Exocytosis
3. Phagocytosis
4. Vacuole formation
5. Endocytosis

Which of the following would be the correct order of events?

The text below describes the first zone (i.e. the result window) of a pregnancy testing stick.

The mobile monoclonal antibodies that have combined with I bind to a layer of fixed antibodies. This gives a coloured line in the first window indicating that the hormone is II. This would be a III test result, indicating that the woman is IV.

Identify the row in the table below that correctly completes the text above.