IBBiology: HLDPExam Questions11. Animal Physiology (HL Only)11.1 Antibody Production & Vaccination

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First teaching 2014

Last exams 2024

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Antibody Production & Vaccination (DP IB Biology: HL)

Exam Questions

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11.1 Antibody Production & Vaccination

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11.1 Antibody Production & Vaccination

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11 mark

Antibodies can protect the body from pathogens in several ways.

Which of the options below will not occur following antigen-antibody binding?

  • Increased susceptibility to phagocytosis.

  • Neutralisation of toxins to make them harmless.

  • Secretion of histamine to produce an allergic reaction.

  • Agglutination of bacteria to reduce their spread.

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21 mark

A child is given a vaccine for a viral disease. A few months later she is in contact with the same virus.

What is the expected response to the second contact with the virus?

  • Increased number of T-lymphocytes.

  • Large numbers of antibodies are released.

  • Large numbers of antigens are released.

  • Increased number of B-lymphocytes.

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31 mark

When a B-lymphocyte is activated by an antigen, what action is taken?

  • It engulfs the infected body cell which displays a complementary antigen.

  • It secretes signalling proteins that stimulate T-lymphocytes to produce plasma cells.

  • It divides repeatedly to form clones of genetically identical plasma cells.

  • It attaches to the infected cell displaying the antigen and destroys it.

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41 mark

Which type of molecule is most important to directly identify a cell as non-self?

  • Proteins

  • Phospholipids

  • Carbohydrates

  • Nucleic acids

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51 mark

The amount of antibody produced in response to an antigen in a vaccine is shown in the graph below.

unnamed

Which statement about the graph is correct?

  • The second exposure to the antigen occurred at 25 days.

  • T-helper lymphocytes are activated on day 12.

  • Memory cells for this antigen are present in the body within 20 days.

  • The secondary immune response begins at around day 35.

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11 mark

Which of the following statements are true for antigens?

  1. Antigens are proteins, glycolipids or glycoproteins found on the surface of the cell membrane
  2. The symptoms of allergies, such as a runny nose or itchy eyes, are directly caused by antigens
  3. Blood cells have antigens which determine blood type

  • All of the above

  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II only

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21 mark

Identify which of the combinations of blood types are compatible for a blood transfusion from donor to recipient.

 

Donor

Recipient
A

A

B
B

AB

B
C

O

AB
D

A

O

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    31 mark

    What is required to initiate a specific immune response?

    • Phagocytes engulf pathogens

    • T-helper cells are activated

    • B-cells mature

    • Signalling proteins are released

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    41 mark

    Which of the following statements about plasma cells is incorrect?

    • Plasma cells contain large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum

    • Plasma cells originate from B-cells

    • Plasma cells divide by mitosis to produce memory cells

    • Plasma cells produce specific antibodies

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    51 mark

    Which of the following describes opsonisation?

    • Antigens bind to receptors which activate complement proteins

    • Antibodies attach to pathogens to reduce activity

    • Antigen-antibody complexes form causing clumping together of pathogens

    • Antibodies bind to receptors making the pathogen identifiable to phagocytes

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    61 mark

    Edward Jenner carried out a controversial procedure whilst developing a vaccination for smallpox in the 1700s.

    Which of the following statements best describes the ethical issues which made Jenners investigations so controversial?

    • Milkmaids were exposed to cowpox without any protective measures

    • Variolation was used by doctors to initiate an immune response

    • His methods were not approved by the Research Ethics Committee

    • Jenner’s first patient was a child

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    71 mark

    The graph below shows the number of antibodies in the blood of patients before vaccination, after one dose of vaccine, and again after two doses.q7_11-1_antibody_production_vaccination_ib_biology_hl_mcq

    Which of the following is not associated with the response seen after the second dose of vaccine?

    • Clonal selection

    • Production of memory cells

    • Production of histamines

    • Activation of T-helper cells

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    81 mark

    Which is the correct sequence of events in an allergic reaction?

    1. Mast cells and basophils are activated
    2. IgE antibodies are released
    3. Allergens trigger a specific immune response by activating B-cells
    4. Histamines are produced
    5. Blood vessels dilate

    • I → II → III → IV → V

    • III → II → I → IV → V

    • III → IV → I → II → V

    • V → III → II → I → IV

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    91 mark

    The diagram shows a procedure used to create monoclonal antibodies.

    Identify the correct labels for X, Y, and Z to complete the process.

    q9_11-1_antibody_production_vaccination_ib_biology_hl_mcq

     

    X

    Y

    Z
    A

    Hybridoma

    Tumour cells

    B-lymphocytes
    B

    Hybridoma

    T-lymphocytes

    Tumour cells
    C

    B-lymphocytes

    Hybridoma

    Myeloma
    D

    B-lymphocytes

    Myeloma cells

    Hybridoma

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      101 mark

      Which words or phrases can be used to fill spaces (I) and (II) in the following sentence?

      Scientists have particular concerns about the spread of diseases in animals that may result in …....(I)....... transfer of pathogens to humans. …….(II)....... help to develop an understanding of the spread of disease in particular geographical areas and allow specific targeting where there are outbreaks.

       

      I

      II
      A

      Zoonotic

      Epidemiological studies
      B

      Species-specific

      Epidemiological studies
      C

      Zoonotic

      Vaccination programs
      D

      Mutated

      Vaccination programs

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        11 mark

        The statements below describe different types of vaccines

        1. Contains part of a pathogen that induces an immune response.
        2. Contains antibodies for the pathogen.
        3. Contains a pathogen that has been treated with heat or chemicals.
        4. Contains a weakened strain of the pathogen.

        Which row of the table below correctly describes these types of vaccines?

          Live attenuated vaccine Inactive vaccine Subunit vaccine
        A I III II
        B I IV II
        C IV III I
        D IV II I

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          21 mark

          The statements below refer to the functions of antibodies:

          1. Antibodies can combine with viruses inside cells to prevent them from damaging cells.
          2. Antibodies can attach to flagella to make the bacteria less mobile.
          3. Antibodies with single binding sites can cause agglutination of bacteria.
          4. Antibodies can, with other molecules, make holes in the cell walls of bacteria.
          5. Antibodies can coat bacteria to mark them for phagocytosis.
          6. Antibodies can neutralise toxins.

          Which of these statements are not correct?

          • I, II and VI

          • I and VI

          • II, III and V

          • I and III

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          31 mark

          If a patient is given a transfusion of the wrong blood type, an immune response results. This response involves agglutination followed by haemolysis, where red blood cells are destroyed and blood may then coagulate. Blood typing involves mixing blood samples with antibodies. The diagram below shows the results of a blood typing test, showing the reactions between blood types (rows) and antibody serums (columns). The first column shows the appearance of each blood sample before testing occurred.11-1_q3h

          Identify the row in the table below that correctly identifies the blood type of blood samples I - IV.

            I II III IV
          A O O O AB
          B A B AB O
          C AB AB AB O
          D B A AB O

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            41 mark

            When a phagocyte responds to the presence of a pathogen, the following events happen:

            1. Enzymatic digestion
            2. Exocytosis
            3. Phagocytosis
            4. Vacuole formation
            5. Endocytosis

            Which of the following would be the correct order of events?

              Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
            A V I IV III
            B V IV I II
            C III II V I
            D III V I IV

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              51 mark

              The text below describes the first zone (i.e. the result window) of a pregnancy testing stick.

              The mobile monoclonal antibodies that have combined with I bind to a layer of fixed antibodies. This gives a coloured line in the first window indicating that the hormone is II. This would be a III test result, indicating that the woman is IV.

              Identify the row in the table below that correctly completes the text above.

                I II III IV
              A hCG present positive pregnant
              B antigens hCG positive not pregnant
              C hCG absent negative not pregnant
              D latex particles present negative not pregnant

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