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IBBiology: HLDPExam Questions10. Genetics & Evolution (HL Only)10.1 Meiosis

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First teaching 2014

Last exams 2024

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Meiosis (DP IB Biology: HL)

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10.1 Meiosis

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10.1 Meiosis

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1
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Which of the following statements helps to explain why DNA replication happens before meiosis?

  1. A gamete-producing cell ends up producing 4 gametes.
  2. The cell undergoes reduction division during meiosis.
  3. Gametes contain double the amount of genetic material than somatic cells.
  4. Each parent's genome is replicated to allow two copies of their alleles to be inherited with equal probability.

  • I, II, and IV only.

  • II and III only.

  • I and IV only.

  • I, II, III, and IV.

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2
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Which row of the table is correct?

  Number of chromosomes in a somatic cell Amount of genetic material in a somatic cell Amount of genetic material in a gamete-producing cell before prophase I
A. 2n x 2x
B. 2n 2x 2x
C. 2n 4x 4x
D. n x 2x

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    3
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    Which row of the table represents the correct chronological order of cells via which a man's DNA is passed onto his offspring?

    A. zygote → spermatozoon → spermatid → spermatocyte
    B. spermatozoon → spermatid → zygote → spermatocyte 
    C. spermatid → spermatocyte → spermatozoon → zygote
    D. spermatocyte → spermatid → spermatozoon → zygote

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      4
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      Which of the following statements apply to the process of crossing over in meiosis?

      1. Crossing over occurs between non-homologous sister chromatids.
      2. Crossing over occurs between non-sister homologous chromatids.
      3. Crossing over involves genetic recombination.
      4. Unequal-length sections of DNA routinely cross from one strand to another during crossing-over.

      • I, III, and IV only.

      • II and III only.

      • II and IV only.

      • II, III, and IV only.

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      5
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      Which row of A - D shows the correct names of the phases of meiosis I pictured below?10-1_q5e

        Image 1 Image 2 Image 3 Image 4 Image 5
      A. anaphase telophase prophase metaphase interphase
      B. metaphase interphase telophase prophase anaphase
      C. metaphase telophase interphase prophase anaphase
      D. anaphase interphase prophase telophase metaphase

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        11 mark

        Which of the following statements about meiosis are incorrect?

        1. The overall amount of DNA doubles just before meiosis
        2. Crossing over occurs between chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes
        3. Meiosis II is referred to as reduction division
        4. Sister chromatids separate in anaphase I

        • I, II and III

        • I and IV

        • All of them

        • II, III and IV

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        21 mark

        The diploid number of a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is 16.

        How many autosomes are there in a koala's egg cell?

        • 7

        • 8

        • 14

        • 32

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        31 mark

        Which of the following gives an accurate definition of genetic recombination?

        • The orientation of homologous chromosomes as they align during metaphase I of meiosis

        • The development of new alleles within a population through mutation

        • The breaking and rejoining of DNA to create new combinations

        • The loss of DNA telomeres through multiple cycles of replication

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        41 mark

        Which of the following most accurately describes the events that occur in meiosis I?     

        • Chromatids separate

          Chiasmata form in prophase I

        • Chromatids separate

          Chiasmata form in metaphase I

        • Homologous chromosomes separate

          Chiasmata form in prophase I

        • Homologous chromosomes separate

          Chiasmata form in metaphase I

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        51 mark

        The diagram shows a pair of homologous chromosomes at the beginning of prophase I of meiosis and four possible examples of crossing over, A - Dq1_10-1_meiosis_ib_biology_hl_mcq

        Which of the four representations of crossing over cannot occur in meiosis I?

        • ma1a_10-1_meiosis_ib_biology_hl_mcq

        • ma1b_10-1_meiosis_ib_biology_hl_mcq

        • ma1c_10-1_meiosis_ib_biology_hl_mcq

        • ma1d_10-1_meiosis_ib_biology_hl_mcq

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        61 mark

        Mitosis has many similarities to meiosis II. Which of the following statements describe(s) a difference between the cellular processes of mitosis and meiosis II?

        I.

        During prophase, the nuclear envelope disintegrates and the chromosomes condense

        II.

        The ploidy of the cells entering the process

        III.

        Replication occurs immediately before each process, to double the amount of genetic material

        IV.

        During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides as new cell membranes are formed

        • II only

        • I, II and III

        • III and IV

        • II and III

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        71 mark

        Exchange of alleles is an important feature of meiosis. During which precise event of meiosis does the exchange of alleles take place?

        • When a chiasma forms between two non-sister chromatids

        • At the assortment of homologous chromosomes at the cell equator

        • When gametes form in meiosis II

        • During gene linkage

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        81 mark

        For a eukaryotic organism with a diploid number of 14, which calculation would be required to establish how many combinations of chromosomes can occur through independent assortment in meiosis? All the equations below are mathematically correct.

        • 2 x 7 = 14

        • 27 = 128

        • 214 = 16 384

        • 214 x  27 = 2 097 152

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        91 mark

        Which row of the table puts these DNA-containing structures into the correct order of size?

        Largest     ←                        Mid-sized                    →    Smallest

        A

        bivalent & tetrad the same size

        chromosome

        chromatid

        B

        bivalent

        tetrad

        chromatid

        chromosome

        C

        tetrad

        chromosome

        bivalent

        chromatid

        D

        chromosome

        bivalent & tetrad the same size

        chromatid

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          101 mark

          Which of the following cell types are haploid?

          I.

          Primary spermatocyte

          II.

          Oocyte

          III.

          Spermatid

          IV.

          Spermatozoon

          • II, III and IV

          • I and II

          • I, III and IV

          • All of them

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          1
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          Consider the following pair of chromosomes at the start of meiosis.10-1_q1h 

          Which table gives the distribution of alleles in the gametes that would be most realistic, in percentage terms?

          • Genotype KL Kl kL kl
            % distribution 25 25 25 25
          • Genotype KL Kl kL kl
            % distribution 50 0 0 50
          • Genotype KL Kl kL kl
            % distribution 45 5 5 45
          • Genotype KL Kl kL kl
            % distribution 10 40 40 10

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          2
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          Which of the following statements about meiosis are true?

          1. Gene locus can affect the chances of new allele combinations being formed
          2. Gene locus can affect the rate of mutation giving rise to new allele combinations
          3. Crossing over can occur between a chromatid and either of its non-sister chromatids lying alongside it
          4. Independent assortment gives rise to far less variation than crossing over

          • 1, 3 and 4

          • 2 and 3

          • 2 and 4

          • 3 and 4

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          3
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          Which event causes genetic variety in the gametes formed during meiosis?

          • Linkage of genes in prophase 1 and crossing over in metaphase 1

          • Crossing over during prophase 1 and independent assortment of chromosomes during metaphase 1

          • Linkage of genes in metaphase 1 and independent assortment of chromosomes in prophase 1

          • Crossing over during metaphase 1 and independent assortment of chromosomes during prophase 1

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          4
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          Use your knowledge of the number of events that occur in the various stages of meiosis I and meiosis II to suggest which stage occupies around 90% of the time required for a full cycle of human meiosis. 

          • Prophase I

          • Metaphase I

          • Telophase I

          • Metaphase II

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          5
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          Which of the following is the best explanation of why the lengths of DNA exchanged during crossing-over tend to be of the same length as each other?

          • Because breakages occur where distinct alleles fail to line up accurately with each other in the formation of a tetrad. 

          • Because if uneven lengths of DNA are crossed over, restriction enzymes will trim off the unnecessary DNA from the longer chromatid. 

          • Because there is a lack of space in the tightly-packed ball of condensed chromosomes in prophase I, so only short lengths of DNA can cross over. 

          • Because breaks occur in the same base sequences on each non-sister chromatid. 

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