Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2023
First exams 2025
1 markWhich statement puts the blood vessels into increasing order of lumen diameter (interior diameter)?
capillary → artery → arteriole → aorta
arteriole → artery → capillary → aorta
aorta → artery → arteriole → capillary
capillary → arteriole → artery → aorta
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1 markWhich shows the correct links between tissues within blood vessels and their modes of action?
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1 markIn plants, which two substances does the xylem carry primarily?
Water and sugars
Sugars and mineral ions
Water and mineral ions
Starch and mineral ions
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1 markWhich of the following is not a consequence of the transpiration stream in plants?
An increased rate of photosynthesis
Plants remaining upright
The plant retaining heat
Supply of mineral ions to plant tissues
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1 markWhich row of the table best summarises the interaction of water molecules during water uptake by a plant?
| Water molecules pulling each other up | Water molecules sticking to the xylem walls | Capillary action | |
| A. | cohesion | adhesion | adhesion |
| B. | cohesion | cohesion | adhesion |
| C. | adhesion | adhesion | cohesion |
| D. | cohesion | cohesion | cohesion |
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1 markThe micrograph below shows part of a cross section of a plant stem.
Which of the structures A-D represents the xylem tissue?
Image courtesy of Doc. RNDr. Josef Reischig, CSc. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Reused and distributed under conditions found at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
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1 markThe image below shows two structures commonly found in mammals. A light microscope was used to view the sample.
Identify the structures labelled X and Y along with one correct feature of these structures.
|
|
X | Y | Feature |
| A | Vein | Artery | Y contains deoxygenated blood |
| B | Trachea | Artery | the lumen of X allows air to pass through |
| C | Artery | Vein | Y contains many cells filled with oxyhaemoglobin |
| D | Artery | Vein | X contains many cells filled with oxyhaemoglobin |
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1 markThe table gives the features of three blood vessels in the mammalian circulatory system.
| Vessel 1 | Vessel 2 | Vessel 3 |
| Thin layer of smooth muscle with few elastic fibres | Thick layer of elastic fibres and smooth muscle | No elastic fibres or smooth muscle |
What are vessels 1, 2 and 3?
| Vein | Capillary | Artery | |
| A | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| B | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| C | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| D | 1 | 2 | 3 |
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1 markWhich of the following is not a contributing factor of atherosclerosis formation?
Damage to the endothelium of the arteries.
The circulation of unsaturated fats in the bloodstream.
High blood pressure in the arteries.
Build-up of atheromas under the endothelium.
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1 markWhen a very narrow glass tube known as a capillary tube is dipped into water, water can flow up the tube despite the opposing force of gravity.
What is this model demonstrating?
Translocation
A hydrostatic pressure gradient
Cohesion between water molecules
Adhesion between water molecules
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1 markThe following steps describe the process of transpiration.
What is the correct order of the steps?
III → II → IV → I
III → I → IV → II
I → III → IV → II
I → IV → III → II
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1 markWhich of the following relates to xylem vessels?
I only
II and III only
I, II and III
III and IV only
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1 markA student drew a diagrammatic representation of a transverse section of a plant stem based on what they saw using a light microscope.
Identify the correct labels required for the drawing above.
|
I |
II |
III |
IV |
V |
|
| A |
Vascular bundle |
Pith |
Phloem |
Cambium |
Xylem |
| B |
Phloem |
Xylem |
Vascular bundle |
Cambium |
Pith |
| C |
Vascular bundle |
Xylem |
Pith |
Cambium |
Phloem |
| D |
Vascular bundle |
Cambium |
Pith |
Xylem |
Phloem |
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1 markGirdling, or ring-barking, involves the removal of a strip of bark around the entire circumference of a tree trunk. This removes the outer part of the vascular bundles which results in the death of the entire tree over time.
What could be a possible explanation for this?
Xylem is removed from the vascular bundles, so water and mineral salts cannot be transported to the leaves
Phloem is removed from the vascular bundles, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots
Xylem is removed from the vascular bundles, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots
Phloem is removed from the vascular bundles, so water and mineral salts cannot be transported to the leaves
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1 markThe following photomicrograph shows the vascular bundle in a root.
Which letter identifies the phloem?
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1 markA student studied the structure of a blood vessel and found:
Which vessel was the student studying?
Vein
Capillary
Venule
Artery
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1 markWhich of these is not a function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?
To allow movement of water via the symplast pathway
To enable cell recognition
To allow communication between cells
To allow movement of nutrients between cells
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