Euglena is an autotroph.
Identify, from the diagram, the feature which indicates this is an autotrophic organism.
Nucleolus
Chloroplast
Contractile vacuole
Mitochondria
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Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2023
First exams 2025
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Ecological Niches
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Ecological Niches
Euglena is an autotroph.
Identify, from the diagram, the feature which indicates this is an autotrophic organism.
Nucleolus
Chloroplast
Contractile vacuole
Mitochondria
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Which of the following correctly describe aspects of an ecological niche?
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast that can survive at a range of oxygen concentrations, including in the absence of oxygen.
Which term describes Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Obligate anaerobe
Facultative anaerobe
Obligate aerobe
Mixotroph
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The table below contains information about the dentition of three extinct hominid species. Note that 'pits' are deeper, larger regions of tooth wear than scratches.
Species | Dentition features |
Australopithecus africanus |
Small canine and incisor teeth and large molar and premolar teeth Fewer pits on the surface of fossilised teeth than on those of P. robustus |
Paranthropus robustus |
Large chewing muscles attached to the jaw Large molar and premolar teeth Both pits and scratches present on the surface of fossilised teeth Thick protective tooth enamel |
Homo floresiensis |
Molar teeth are reduced in size compared to other early hominids Smaller biting force than that calculated for Australopithecus |
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the information in the table?
Australopithecus africanus consumed meat as an important part of its diet.
Paranthropus robustus had more seeds and nuts in its diet than Australopithecus africanus.
Homo floresiensis consumed more tough plant material than Australopithecus africanus.
Homo floresiensis had a similar diet to that of modern humans.
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Which of the following are adaptations that aid herbivory?
I only
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
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Which of the following statements about ecological niches is correct?
Competition reduces the size of an ecological niche.
An ecological niche can be shared between two similar species.
Competition for a niche always results in local extinction for one species.
A realised niche is larger than a fundamental niche.
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The Ghost Orchid (Epipogium aphyllum) is a rare plant species which lacks leaves or chlorophyll. The plant has formed a symbiotic relationship with a fungus in order to obtain the nutrition it requires. The growth of the fungus is slowed as a result of the relationship.
Which of the following rows correctly describes E.aphyllum?
Heterotroph | Autotroph | Parasite | Saprotroph | |
A | ✓ | X | X | ✓ |
B | X | ✓ | X | ✓ |
C | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ |
D | ✓ | X | ✓ | X |
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