Photosynthesis
Methods of nutrition
- Organisms need energy in the form of ATP to survive
- The energy stored in ATP comes from other organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, and is transferred during the process of respiration
- The way by which an organism gains organic molecules to fuel respiration is known as its method, or mode, of nutrition
- There are two main modes of nutrition; autotrophy and heterotrophy
- An autotroph synthesises, or produces, its own organic molecules from simple inorganic substances in its environment
- E.g. autotrophs that use light energy are known as photoautotrophs, while those that use energy from oxidation of chemicals are known as chemoautotrophs
- A heterotroph gains organic molecules from the tissues of other organisms
- An autotroph synthesises, or produces, its own organic molecules from simple inorganic substances in its environment
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthetic organisms are autotrophs that use light energy to convert carbon dioxide from the air into organic molecules such as carbohydrates
- Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll absorb light energy, enabling this process
- Because photosynthetic organisms make their own organic molecules without relying on other organisms, they are known as producers
- Photosynthesis is a crucial process because it transfers light energy into a chemical form that can be used by living organisms
- Producers can then be eaten by other living organisms, continuing the process of energy transfer
- In addition to providing the crucial bridge between non-living matter and living organisms, photosynthesis is also responsible for the release of oxygen into Earth's atmosphere, enabling aerobic respiration
- Photosynthetic organisms include
- Plants, both terrestrial and aquatic
- Algae, including single-celled algae and multicellular seaweeds
- Photosynthetic bacteria such as cyanobacteria
Examiner Tip
Be careful with your language when discussing energy; you should NEVER say that energy is produced or created, only that it is transferred from one form to another. Photoautotrophs do not produce energy, they produce their own food by transferring light energy to chemical energy.