Practice Paper 1B (HL IB Biology)

The diagram below shows an incompletely-drawn triglyceride molecule.

Complete the drawing to show a trans-monounsaturated fatty acid chain at position 1 of the glycerol molecule. 

As part of a 50-year study into health and diet, data was gathered in 1960 and 2000 for the numbers of deaths due to cardiovascular disease in a western European country. This data was compared to the percentage of energy provided by trans-fats in the diets of elderly men (aged 70 and above). Some of the research findings are shown below.

Calculate the percentage decrease in numbers of deaths from cardiovascular disease between 1960 and 2000.

Referring to the study described in (b), post-mortem investigations of some patients who had died from cardiovascular disease revealed that fatty deposits in their diseased arteries contained high concentrations of trans-fats.

Explain why this finding, though positively correlated, does not prove causation.

The image below shows a kidney nephron.

Identify the structures labelled A-C in the image.

State, with a reason, one feature of structure A from the image in part a) which enables ultrafiltration to take place.

Selective reabsorption takes place after ultrafiltration.

Describe the events of selective reabsorption.

Draw a labelled cross-sectional diagram of a human kidney.

The image shows the progress of infection when damaged human skin comes into contact with Human Papillomavirus, or HPV.

It can be 6-12 months before HPV antibodies can be detected in the blood of an individual with a HPV infection. Use the information in the image to suggest why this is.

There is a vaccination for HPV which is routinely given to teenage girls, as it is thought to offer future protection against cervical cancer. The standard procedure is for each girl to receive three doses of the vaccine for full immunity, although there is some discussion about the optimum number of doses.

The graph below shows antibody production after different doses of the HPV vaccine in teenage girls.

A student concluded from the data that it didn’t matter whether girls were given two doses of vaccine or three. Evaluate this conclusion.

HPV vaccines provide protection against cancer by preventing the virus from causing mutations in infected cells. Current medical advances in vaccine technology mean that researchers hope that it will soon be possible to vaccinate people against cancer cells themselves.

The image shows some of the changes that can take place when a cell becomes cancerous.

Use the image to suggest how a vaccine could be effective against the development of cancer.

Development of an Ethics Research Committee marks a key change in the procedures involved in the development of new drugs, including vaccines, however, there are still issues associated with the modern methods described in part d).

Suggest what ethical issues may be associated with these procedures.