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ASPhysicsCIEExam Questions3. Dynamics3.1 Momentum & Newton’s Laws of Motion

Momentum & Newton’s Laws of Motion (CIE AS Physics)

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3.1 Momentum & Newton’s Laws of Motion

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3.1 Momentum & Newton’s Laws of Motion

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1
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A cyclist is riding at a steady speed on a level road

According to Newton’s third law of motion, what is equal and opposite to the backward push of the back wheel on the road?

  • the force exerted by the cyclist on the pedals

  • the total air resistance and friction force

  • the tension in the cycle chain

  • the forward push of the road on the back wheel

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2
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A resultant force causes a body to accelerate.

What is equal to the resultant force?

  • the acceleration of the body per unit mass

  • the change in kinetic energy of the body per unit time

  • the change in momentum of the body per unit time

  • the change in velocity of the body per unit time

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3
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What is meant by the mass and by the weight of an object on the Earth?

 

Mass

Weight

A

its momentum divided by its velocity

the work done in lifting it one metre

B

the gravitational force on it

the property that resists its acceleration

C

the property that resists its acceleration

the pull of the Earth on it

D

the pull of the Earth on it

its mass divided by the acceleration of free fall

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    4
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    An object travelling with velocity v strikes a wall and rebounds as shown

    cie-ial-images89png

    Which property of the object is not conserved?

    • momentum

    • mass

    • kinetic energy

    • speed

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    5
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    A force F is applied to a freely moving object. At one instant of time, the object has velocity v and acceleration a.

    Which quantities must be in the same direction?

    • a and v only

    • v, a and F

    • v and F only

    • F and a only

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    6
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    Which is not one of Newton's laws of motion?

    • if body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts an equal and oppositely-directed force on body A

    • the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the external force acting on the body and takes place in the direction of the force

    • the total momentum of a system of interacting bodies remains constant, providing no external force acts

    • a body continues in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by some external force

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    7
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    The symbol g represents the acceleration of free fall.

    Which of these statements is correct?

    • g is gravity

    • g is reduced by air resistance

    • g is the weight of an object

    • g is the ratio weight / mass

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    8
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    As a car accelerates uniformly, its momentum is measured at regular intervals

    A graph of the momentum of the car is plotted against time

    What is evaluated by finding the gradient of the graph at a particular time?

    • the acceleration of the car

    • the resultant force on the car

    • the kinetic energy of the car

    • the velocity of the car

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    1
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    All external forces on a body cancel out.

    Which statement must be correct?

    • the body does not move

    • the total energy (kinetic and potential) of the body remains unchanged

    • the speed of the body remains unchanged

    • the momentum of the body remains unchanged

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    2
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    A ball falls vertically and bounces on the ground

    The following statements are about the forces acting while the ball is in contact with the ground

    Which statement is correct?

    • the force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal to the weight of the ball

    • the force that the ball exerts on the ground is always less than the weight of the ball

    • the force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force the ground exerts on the ball

    • the weight of the ball is always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that the ground exerts on the ball

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    3
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    The acceleration of free fall on planet X is  begin mathsize 12px style 1 over 6 end style  of the acceleration of free fall on Earth.

    The mass of a body on planet X is 60 kg.

    What is its weight on planet X?

    • 10 N

    • 59 N

    • 98 N

    • 360 N

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    4
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    Newton’s third law of motion is often summarised as 

       ‘Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.’

    A cup of tea rests on a table. If the weight of the cup is the ‘action’ force, what is the ‘reaction’ force?

    • the push of the table on the cup

    • the push of the cup on the table

    • the pull of the Earth on the cup

    • the pull of the cup on the Earth

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    5
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    The gravitational field strength on the surface of planet R is one eighth of that on the surface of planet S.

    On the surface of R, a body has its mass measured to be 2.5 kg and its weight measured to be 12.5 N

    What results are obtained for measurements of the mass and weight of the same body on the surface of planet S?

     

    Mass on S

    Weight on S

    A

    B

    C

    D

    2.5 kg

    20 kg

    2.5 kg

    20 kg

    20 N

    100 N

    100 N

    160 N

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    6
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    Water is pumped through a hose-pipe at a rate of 80 kg per minute. It emerges from the hose-pipe horizontally with a speed of 30 space m space s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    Which force is required from a person holding the hose-pipe to prevent it moving backwards?

    • 3 N

    • 40 N

    • 160 N

    • 2400 N

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    1
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    A box of mass 10.0 kg rests on a horizontal rough surface. A string attached to the box passes over a smooth pulley and supports a 4.0 kg mass at its other end.

    cie-ial-images95png

    When the box is released, a frictional force of 12.0 N acts on it.

    What is the acceleration of the box?

    • 1.2 space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 2 end exponent

    • 1.9 space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 2 end exponent

    • 2.7 space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 2 end exponent

    • 3.0 space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 2 end exponent

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    2
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    A lift consists of a passenger car supported by a cable which runs over a light, frictionless pulley to a balancing weight. The balancing weight falls as the passenger car rises.

    cie-ial-images97png

    Some masses are shown in the table.

     

     

    Mass / kg

    passenger car

    balancing weight

    passenger

    1200

    1320

    80

     

    What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the car when carrying just one passenger and when the pulley is free to rotate?

    • 0.15 m s−2

    • 0.30 m s−2

    • 0.45 m s−2

    • 0.92 m s−2

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    3
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    A 3.2 kg mass is supported by a person’s hand and two newton-meters as shown.

    cie-ial-images98png

    When the person’s hand is removed, what is the initial vertical acceleration of the mass?

    • 3.0  m s−2

    • 5.4 m s−2

    • 6.8 m s−2

    • 12.8 m s−2

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    4
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    A brick of mass 1.8 kg rests on a plane inclined at an angle of 30°. The weight of the brick has a component of F N parallel with the plane. The brick also experiences a frictional force of 3.0 N 

    cie-ial-images100png

    What is the acceleration of the brick down the plane?

    • 3.2 m s−2

    • 3.9 m s−2

    • 6.6 m s−2

    • 8.1 m s−2

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    5
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    Two blocks X and Y, of masses m and 4 m respectively, are accelerated along a smooth horizontal surface by a force F applied to block X as shown

    cie-ial-images102png

    What is the magnitude of the force exerted on block Y by block X during this acceleration?

    • F over 4

    • F over 5

    • fraction numerator 4 F over denominator 5 end fraction

    • fraction numerator 5 F over denominator 4 end fraction

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    6
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    A ship of mass 6.7 × 10 to the power of 7 kg is approaching a harbour with speed 18.9 m s−1

    By using reverse thrust it can maintain a constant total stopping force of 880,000 N

    How long will it take to stop?

    • 14 seconds

    • 140 seconds

    • 24 minutes

    • 240 minutes

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    7
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    A tennis ball is dropped onto a table and bounces back up. The table exerts a force F on the ball.

    Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the force F while the ball is in contact with the table?

    • cie-ial-images105png

    • cie-ial-images106png

    • cie-ial-images107png

    • cie-ial-images108png

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