Parallel & Perpendicular Gradients (AQA AS Maths): Revision Note
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Parallel & Perpendicular Gradients
What are parallel lines?
![Parallel & Perpendicular Gradients Notes Diagram 1, A Level & AS Level Pure Maths Revision Notes](https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=3840/https://cdn.savemyexams.com/uploads/2020/06/3.1.2-Parallel-Perpendicular-Gradients-Notes-Diagram-1.png)
Parallel lines are equidistant meaning they never meet
Parallel lines have equal gradients
![Parallel & Perpendicular Gradients Notes Diagram 2, A Level & AS Level Pure Maths Revision Notes](https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=3840/https://cdn.savemyexams.com/uploads/2020/06/3.1.2-Parallel-Perpendicular-Gradients-Notes-Diagram-2.png)
What are perpendicular lines?
![Parallel & Perpendicular Gradients Notes Diagram 3, A Level & AS Level Pure Maths Revision Notes](https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=3840/https://cdn.savemyexams.com/uploads/2020/06/3.1.2-Parallel-Perpendicular-Gradients-Notes-Diagram-3.png)
Perpendicular lines meet at right angles
The product of their gradients is -1
![Parallel & Perpendicular Gradients Notes Diagram 4, A Level & AS Level Pure Maths Revision Notes](https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=3840/https://cdn.savemyexams.com/uploads/2020/06/3.1.2-Parallel-Perpendicular-Gradients-Notes-Diagram-4.png)
What are collinear lines?
Collinear lines are two line segments that are part of the same line
They have equal gradients and pass through, or meet at, a point
Rearrange their equations into the same form and they will be identical
![Parallel & Perpendicular Gradients Notes Diagram 5, A Level & AS Level Pure Maths Revision Notes](https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=3840/https://cdn.savemyexams.com/uploads/2020/06/3.1.2-Parallel-Perpendicular-Gradients-Notes-Diagram-5.png)
How do I tell if lines are parallel or perpendicular?
Rearrange equations into the form y = mx + c
m is the gradient
![Parallel & Perpendicular Gradients Notes Diagram 6, A Level & AS Level Pure Maths Revision Notes](https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=3840/https://cdn.savemyexams.com/uploads/2020/06/3.1.2-Parallel-Perpendicular-Gradients-Notes-Diagram-6.png)
Examiner Tips and Tricks
Exam questions are good at “hiding” parallel and perpendicular lines.
For example a tangent and a radius are perpendicular.
Parallel lines could be implied by phrases like “… at the same rate …”
Worked Example
![Parallel & Perpendicular Gradients Example Diagram, A Level & AS Level Pure Maths Revision Notes](https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=3840/https://cdn.savemyexams.com/uploads/2020/06/3.1.2-Parallel-Perpendicular-Gradients-Example-Diagram.png)
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