Amount of Substance Calculations

As previously discussed, the amount of substance can be defined as the number of particles in a substance, n, measured in moles (often abbreviated to mol)
In reality, amount of substance is used as a blanket term to cover most chemical calculations, especially those that involve moles
The two main calculations for amount of substance are:

Moles, n = $\frac{m a s s, m}{m o l a r m a s s, M}$

Moles, n = concentration x volume

Other common calculations for amount of substance include:

Moles, n = $\frac{n u m b e r o f p a r t i c l e s}{A v o g a d r o' s c o n s t a n t}$

Moles, n = $\frac{P V}{R T}$ from the ideal gas equation (PV = nRT)

Reacting Mass Calculations

Chemical equations can be used to calculate the moles or masses of reactants and products
To do this, information given in the question is used to find the amount in moles of the substances being considered
Then, the ratio between the substances is identified using the balanced chemical equation
Once the moles have been determined they can then be converted into grams using the relative atomic or relative formula masses

Worked example

Example 1

Calculate the mass of magnesium oxide that can be made by completely burning 6.0 g of magnesium in oxygen in the following reaction:

2Mg (s) + O₂ (g) ⟶ 2 MgO (s)

Answer

Reacting Masses WE 1, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Chemistry revision notes

Worked example

Example 2

Calculate the mass of aluminium, in tonnes, that can be produced from 51 tonnes of aluminium oxide. The equation for the reaction is:

2Al₂O₃ ⟶ 4Al + 3O₂

Answer

Reacting Masses WE 2 2, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Chemistry revision notes

Examiner Tip

As long as you are consistent it doesn't matter whether you work in grams or tonnes or any other mass unit as the reacting masses will always be in proportion to the balanced equation.

Balancing Equations using Reacting Masses

If the masses of reactants and products of a reaction are known then we can use them to write a balanced equation for that reaction
This is done by converting the masses to moles and simplifying to find the molar ratios

Worked example

Example 3

A student reacts 1.2 g of carbon with 16.2 g of zinc oxide. The resulting products are 4.4 g of carbon dioxide and 13 g of zinc. Determine the balanced equation for the reaction.

Answer

Balancing Equations from Reacting Masses WE 1, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Chemistry revision notes

Examiner Tip

These questions look hard but they are actually quite easy to do, as long as you follow the steps and organise your work neatly.

Remember the molar ratio of a balanced equation gives you the ratio of the amounts of each substance in the reaction.

Amount of Substance Calculations (Edexcel AS Chemistry)

Revision Note