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ASChemistryCIEExam Questions19. Nitrogen Compounds19.2 Nitriles & Hydroxynitriles

Nitriles & Hydroxynitriles (CIE AS Chemistry)

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19.2 Nitriles & Hydroxynitriles

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19.2 Nitriles & Hydroxynitriles

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11 mark

Hydrolysis of CH3CH2CN with dilute HCl produces which compound?

  • CH3COOH

  • CH3CH2CH2NH3

  • CH3CH2COOH

  • CH3CH2COH

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21 mark

The equation shows a chemical reaction

CH3CH2CHClCH3  +  CN–  rightwards arrow  CH3CH2CH(CH3)CN  +  Cl–

What is the name for this type of reaction?

  • Nucleophilic substitution

  • Electrophilic substitution

  • Free radical substitution

  • Nucleophilic addition

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31 mark

What are the reagents needed in the reaction of 1-bromopropane to butanenitrile?

  • KCN

  • Ethanol and heat

  • KCN, ethanol and heat

  • KCN and ethanol

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41 mark

What are the products in the reaction of ethanenitrile and hydrochloric acid?

  • Propanoic acid and ammonia

  • Propanoic acid and ammonium chloride

  • Ethanoic acid and ammonia

  • Ethanoic acid and ammonium chloride

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51 mark

What are the products in the reaction of ethanenitrile and sodium hydroxide?

  • Sodium propanoate and ammonia

  • Sodium propanoate ammonium chloride

  • Sodium ethanoate and ammonia

  • Sodium ethanoate and ammonium chloride

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61 mark

Which one of the following reactants would not produce a nitrile in a one-step reaction?

  • Amides

  • Aldehydes

  • Halogenoalkanes

  • Alkanes

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11 mark

Which of the following reactions would produce 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile?

  • Ethanal + Sulphuric acid

  • Propanone + Hydrogen cyanide

  • Ethanal + Ammonia

  • Propanone + Ammonia

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21 mark

Reactions were carried out to produce nitriles. Which combination of reactants and reagents is not correct?

 

Reactant

Reagent

A

Halogenoalkane

Potassium cyanide and ethanol

B

Amide

Phosphorus (V) oxide

C

Aldehyde

Hydrogen cyanide

D

Ketone

Ammonia

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    31 mark

    The following equations show reactions with nitrogen compounds. Which one correctly shows the hydrolysis of nitriles with dilute acid?

    • CH3CN + HCl + 2H2O  rightwards arrow  CH3COOH + NH3Cl

    • CH3CN + HCl + 2H2O  rightwards arrow  CH3COOH + NH4Cl

    • CH3CN + HCl + H2O    rightwards arrow  CH3COOH + NH4Cl

    • CH3CN + HCl + 2H2O  rightwards arrow  CH3COOHCl + NH3

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    41 mark

    The following equations show reactions with nitrogen compounds. Which one correctly shows the hydrolysis of nitriles with dilute sodium hydroxide?

    • CH3CN +  NaOH +  H2O   rightwards arrow CH3COONa +  NH3

    • CH3CN +  NaOH +  2H2O rightwards arrow CH3COONa +  NH3

    • CH3CN +  NaOH +  H2O   rightwards arrow CH3COONa +  NH4

    • CH3CN +  NaOH +  2H2O rightwards arrow CH3COONa +  NH4

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    11 mark

    What is the correct two-step synthesis to produce 2-hydroxybutanenitrile from propan-1-ol?

    • 1) NaCl / H2SO4
      2) NaCN / Ethanol

    • 1) NaCN / Ethanol
      2) NaCl / H2SO4

    • 1) NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)
      2) K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4 under distillation

    • 1) K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4 under distillation;
      2) NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)

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    21 mark

    Butanone can undergo addition when mixed with NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq), forming product Z. Product Z can then undergo hydrolysis when heated with dilute HCl, forming product Y.

    Which compound is product Y?

    • 2-hydroxypentanoic acid

    • 2-hydroxybutylamine

    • 2-methyl-2-hydroxybutanoic acid

    • 2-ethyl-2-hydroxypropylamine

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    31 mark

    A student wanted to produce a hydroxynitrile. Which types of reactions, reactants and reagents are shown in the table would correctly describe this reaction?

     

    Type of reaction

    Reactants

    Reagents

    A

    Addition

    Aldehyde

    HCN

    B

    Hydrolysis

    Halogenoalkane

    Ethanolic NH3

    C

    Substitution

    Ketone

    HCN

    D

    Addition

    Halogenoalkane

    KCN, ethanol

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      41 mark

      What would X, Y and Z be in the following reaction sequence?

      CH subscript 3 CH subscript 2 CH subscript 2 Br space rightwards arrow with KCN space plus space ethanol space plus space heat on top space bold X space plus space KBr space rightwards arrow with NaOH space plus space straight H subscript 2 straight O space plus space heat on top space bold Y space plus space NH subscript 3 space rightwards arrow with dil space HCl on top space bold Z

       

      X

      Y

      Z

      A

      CH3CH2CH2K

      CH3CH2CH2COONa

      CH3CH2CH2COOH

      B

      CH3CH2CH2CN

      CH3CH2CH2COONa

      CH3CH2CH2COOH

      C

      CH3CH2CH2K

      CH3CH2CH2COOH

      CH3CH2CH2COONa

      D

      CH3CH2CH2CN

      CH3CH2CH2COOH

      CH3CH2CH2COONa

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