Which gas is present in the largest proportion in exhaust fumes of a car engine?
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Water vapour
Nitrogen
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Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2023
First exams 2025
Which gas is present in the largest proportion in exhaust fumes of a car engine?
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Water vapour
Nitrogen
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Oxidation of ammonia by oxygen is the first step in the manufacture of nitric acid, which is used in the production of the synthetic material nylon.
wO2 (g) + xNH3 (g) yNO (g) + zH2O (g)
Which values for w, x, y and z balance this equation?
w |
x |
y |
z |
|
A B C D |
5 6 6 5 |
4 4 5 6 |
4 4 5 6 |
6 5 4 4 |
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Using your knowledge of the Bronsted-Lowry theory, which of the following correctly describes ammonia?
Neutral
Acid
Base
Amphoteric
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Which statement correctly describes an ammonium ion, NH4+?
The bonds are all the same length.
All bond angles are 107°
Ammonium ions are unreactive when heated with NaOH (aq).
Ammonium ions are formed when ammonia behaves as an acid.
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Which reaction that takes place in a catalytic converter does not remove hazardous and polluting gases from a car exhaust fumes?
CO + O2 CO2
CO + NOx CO2 + N2
HC + NOx H2O + CO2 + N2
HC + NOx H2O + CO + N2
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The manufacture of ammonium nitrate NH4NO3, occurs on a large scale for use in fertiliser.
Which statement about ammonium nitrate fertiliser is not correct?
It is insoluble in water.
It consists of 35 % nitrogen by mass.
It can cause environmental problems.
Nitric acid is used in its manufacture.
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Oxides of nitrogen are released into the atmosphere in car engine exhaust fumes.
Which environmental problem is not made worse by this occurance?
Photochemical smog
The hole in the ozone layer
Corrosion of buildings
Acidification of lakes
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Which statement about ammonia is completely correct?
Ammonia acts as a nucleophile by accepting a pair of electrons when it reacts with bromoethane.
Ammonia can form a co-ordinate bond with a hydrogen ion to form an ammonium ion.
Ammonia is a base and accepts hydroxide ions.
The shape of the ammonia molecule is pyramidal with bond angles of 109.5°
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“Photochemical smog is produced when 1 acts on 2 and 3 .”
Which row correctly identifies 1, 2 and 3?
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
A B C D |
Heat Sunlight Sunlight Heat |
Nitrogen Nitrogen oxides Nitrogen oxides Hydrocarbons |
Oxygen Sulfur oxides Hydrocarbons Oxygen |
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Lime, CaO, is used to reduce the acidity of soil, and ammonium nitrate is a nitrogenous fertiliser.
Why can they not be used in a mixed form?
Ca(NO3)2 is produced, which hardens water.
The dry mixture is explosive.
If damp, ammonia is given off.
If damp, nitric acid will form.
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Nitrogen dioxide NO2, sulfur dioxide SO2, and carbon monoxide CO are all atmospheric pollutants.
Which of the following reactions takes place in the atmosphere?
NO2 is reduced to NO by CO
NO2 is reduced to NO by SO2
SO2 is oxidised to SO3 by CO2
CO is spontaneously oxidised to CO2
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In a car exhaust, multiple reactions take place as molecules are mixed with oxygen at high temperatures.
Which of the following reactions has the highest enthalpy change?
S + O2 SO2
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
N2 + O2 2NO
2NO + O2 2NO2
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Which reaction using ammonia does not involve the nitrogen atom’s non-bonding pair of electrons?
2NH3 (aq) + Ag+ (aq) [Ag(NH3)2]+ (aq)
2NH3 (l) + 2Na (s) 2NaNH2 (s) + H2 (g)
NH3 (g) + HCl (g) NH4Cl (s)
NH3 (g) + CH3I (g) CH3NH3+I– (s)
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Car exhausts release pollutant gases including oxides of nitrogen.
In cities, when a car travels one kilometre, it releases 0.23 g of an oxide of nitrogen NxOy, which occupies 120 cm3.
What are the values of x and y?
(Assume 1 mol of gas molecules occupies 24.0 dm3.)
y = 1, x = 1
y = 1, x = 2
y = 2, x = 1
y = 4, x = 2
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Ammonium sulfate in the soil is slowly oxidised by air, producing sulfuric acid, nitric acid and water as the only products.
How many moles of oxygen gas are needed for the complete oxidation of one mole of ammonium sulfate?
1
2
3
4
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Aqueous ammonia is added to aqueous sulphur dioxide until just alkaline.
Which salt is produced in this reaction?
NH4SO3
(NH4)2SO3
NH4SO4
(NH4)2SO4
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The gases nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) are required during the formation of acid rain.
In a simulation experiment, the pressure of sulfur trioxide gas was 2 atm in a reaction chamber of 600 cm3 and kept at a constant temperature of 25 °C. 0.75 moles of nitrogen dioxide is added to the reaction chamber as well as water vapour.
How many moles of nitrogen dioxide will be in the reaction chamber after all the sulfur trioxide has reacted to make acid rain?
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
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