CIE AS Chemistry Revision Notes 2022

Syllabus Edition

First teaching 2020

Last exams 2024

1. Physical Chemistry

1.1.1 Particles in the Atom & Atomic Structure

1.1.2 Mass, Charge & Subatomic Particles

1.1.3 Determining Subatomic Structure

1.1.4 Atomic & Ionic Radius

1.1.5 Isotopes

1.1.6 Electronic Structure

1.1.7 Electron Subshells & Orbitals

1.1.8 Electron Configuration

1.1.9 Determining Electronic Configurations

1.1.10 Ionisation Energy

1.1.11 Ionisation Energy Trends

1.1.12 Ionisation Energies & Electronic Configurations

1.2.1 Relative Masses

1.2.2 The Mole & Avogadro Constant

1.2.3 Formulae

1.2.4 Balancing Equations

1.2.5 Empirical & Molecular Formulae

1.2.6 Water of Crystallisation

1.2.7 Reacting Masses & Volumes

1.3.1 Electronegativity

1.3.2 Electronegativity Trends

1.3.3 Electronegativity & Bonding

1.3.4 Ionic Bonding

1.3.5 Ionic Bonding Examples

1.3.6 Metallic Bonding

1.3.7 Covalent Bonding

1.3.8 Coordinate Bonding

1.3.9 Hybridisation

1.3.10 Bond Energy & Length

1.3.11 Shapes of Molecules

1.3.12 Hydrogen Bonding

1.3.13 Polarity & Dipole Moments

1.3.14 Van der Waals' Forces

1.3.15 Inter & Intramolecular Forces

1.3.16 Dot and Cross Diagrams

1.4.1 Gas Pressure

1.4.2 Ideal Gas Law & Equation

1.4.3 Lattice Structures

1.4.4 Bonding & Structure

1.5.1 Enthalpy Change, ΔH

1.5.2 Energy Level Diagrams

1.5.3 Standard Enthalpy Change

1.5.4 Enthalpy & Bond Energies

1.5.5 Hess’s Law

1.6.1 Oxidation Number Rules

1.6.2 Redox Reactions

1.6.3 Oxidising & Reducing Agents

1.7.1 Chemical Equilibria

1.7.2 Le Chatelier's Principle

1.7.3 Equilibrium Constant

1.7.4 Equilibrium Constant Calculations

1.7.5 Changes Affecting the Equilibrium Constant

1.7.6 Industrial Processes

1.7.7 Acids & Bases

1.7.8 Brønsted–Lowry Theory

1.7.9 Acid & Base Dissociation

1.7.10 pH Scale

1.7.11 Strength of Acids & Bases

1.7.12 pH Titration Curves

1.7.13 Indicators used in Titration

1.8.1 Collision Theory

1.8.2 Rate of Reaction

1.8.3 Activation Energy & Boltzmann Distribution Curves

1.8.4 Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Catalysts

2. Inorganic Chemistry

2.1.1 Period 3 Elements: Physical Properties

2.1.2 Period 3 Elements: Structure & Bonding

2.1.3 Period 3 Oxides

2.1.4 Period 3 Oxides & Hydroxides: Acid/Base Behaviour

2.1.5 Period 3 Chlorides

2.1.6 Period 3 Elements: Electronegativity & Bonding

2.1.7 Period 3 Chlorides & Oxides

2.1.8 Chemical Periodicity of Other Elements

2.2.1 Reactions of Group 2 Elements

2.2.2 Reactions of Group 2 Oxides, Hydroxides & Carbonates

2.2.3 Thermal Decomposition of Nitrates & Carbonates

2.2.4 Group 2: Physical & Chemical Trends

2.2.5 Group 2: Trends in Solubility of Hydroxides & Sulfates

2.3.1 Physical Properties of the Group 17 Elements

2.3.2 Chemical Properties: Halogens & Hydrogen Halides

2.3.3 Reactions of the Halide Ions

2.3.4 The Reactions of Chlorine

2.4.1 Nitrogen and its Compounds

2.4.2 Nitrogen Oxides

3. Organic Chemistry

3.1.1 Hydrocarbons & Alkanes

3.1.2 Functional Groups and their Formulae

3.1.3 Naming of Organic Compounds

3.1.4 Molecular & Empirical Formulae

3.1.5 Characteristic Organic Reactions

3.1.6 Terminology Used in Reaction Mechanisms

3.1.7 Shapes of Organic Molecules; Sigma & Pi Bonds

3.1.8 Hybridisation in Organic Molecules

3.1.9 Planarity of Organic Molecules

3.1.10 Structural Isomerism

3.1.11 Stereoisomerism

3.1.12 Chirality

3.1.13 Isomers of Organic Compounds

3.2.1 Alkanes

3.2.2 Combustion & Free Radical Substitution of Alkanes

3.2.3 Free Radical Substitution

3.2.4 Cracking of Alkanes

3.2.5 Chemical Reactivity of Alkanes

3.2.6 Combustion of Alkanes

3.2.7 Production of Alkenes

3.2.8 Reactions of Alkenes

3.2.9 Test for Unsaturation

3.2.10 Electrophilic Addition of Alkenes

3.2.11 Markovnikov's Rule

3.3.1 Production of Halogenoalkanes

3.3.2 Substitution Reactions of Halogenoalkanes

3.3.3 Elimination Reactions of Halogenoalkanes

3.3.4 SN1 & SN2

3.3.5 Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes

3.4.1 Production of Alcohols

3.4.2 Reactions of Alcohols

3.4.3 Classifying and Testing for Alcohols

3.4.4 Alcohol Dissociation

3.5.1 Production of Aldehydes & Ketones

3.5.2 Reactions of Aldehydes & Ketones

3.5.3 Reaction with HCN

3.5.4 Carbonyl Compound Tests

3.5.5 Iodoform Reaction

3.6.1 Carboxylic Acids

3.6.2 Esters

3.7.1 Primary Amines

3.7.2 Nitriles & Hydroxynitriles

3.8.1 Addition Polymerisation

3.8.2 Disposal of Polymers

3.9.1 Organic Synthesis

3.9.2 Multi-Step Synthesis

3.9.3 Synthetic Routes

4. Analysis

4.1.1 Infra-Red Spectroscopy

4.1.2 Mass Spectrometry

4.1.3 Isotopic Abundance & Relative Atomic Mass

4.1.4 Molecular Ion Peak & Fragmentation

4.1.5 M + 1 Peak

4.1.6 M + 2 Peak

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