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ASChemistryAQAExam Questions1. Physical Chemistry1.1 Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure (AQA AS Chemistry)

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1.1 Atomic Structure

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1.1 Atomic Structure

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11 mark

Which of these correctly shows the identity of an ion with 18 electrons and 16 neutrons?

  • 14N3-

  • 31P3-

  • 18O2-

  • 35Cl-

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21 mark

Which two processes can produce ions in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer?

  • Electron impact and electrospray ionisation

  • Electron impact and fragmentation

  • Electrospray ionisation and fragmentation

  • Electron bombardment and acceleration

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31 mark

Which ion in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer will undergo the greatest ion drift?

  • 104Pd+

  • 105Pd+

  • 106Pd+

  • 108Pd+

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41 mark

What is the correct working to calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of iridium?

m/z value

191

193

Relative abundance (%)

62.7

37.3

  • fraction numerator open parentheses 191 space cross times space 193 close parentheses space plus space open parentheses 62.7 space cross times space 37.3 close parentheses over denominator 100 end fraction

  • fraction numerator stretchy left parenthesis 191 space cross times space 62.7 stretchy right parenthesis space cross times space stretchy left parenthesis 193 space cross times space 37.3 stretchy right parenthesis over denominator 100 end fraction

  • stretchy left parenthesis 191 space cross times space 62.7 stretchy right parenthesis space plus space stretchy left parenthesis 193 space cross times space 37.3 stretchy right parenthesis

  • fraction numerator stretchy left parenthesis 191 space cross times space 62.7 stretchy right parenthesis space plus space stretchy left parenthesis 193 space cross times space 37.3 stretchy right parenthesis over denominator 100 end fraction

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51 mark

Which is the correct equation for the first ionisation energy for magnesium?

  • Mg → Mg+ + e-

  • Mg+ (g) → Mg2+ (g) + e-

  • Mg (g) → Mg+ (g) + e-

  • Mg+ → Mg2+ + e-

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61 mark

Which of the following statements about the structure of the atom is correct?

  • The nucleus is small, dense and neutral and the surrounding space is mainly empty.

  • The nucleus is large, dense and positive and the surrounding space populated with electrons.

  • The nucleus is large, dense and neutral and the surrounding space populated with electrons.

  • The nucleus is small, dense and positive and the surrounding space is mainly empty.

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71 mark

An isotope of technetium, 99Tc, is used in medicine for diagnosis scans. What is the composition of the Tc atom? 

 

Protons

Neutrons

Electrons

A

43

56

42

B

43

56

43

C

43

43

43

D

43

43

44

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    81 mark

    Which of the following statements about isotopes is not correct?

    • The carbon-14 isotope contains 2 more neutrons than the carbon-12 isotope.

    • In a silicon-30 isotope, there are 14 protons.

    • Isotopes contain different numbers of protons.

    • In a magnesium-26 isotope there are 14 neutrons.

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    91 mark

    What is the correct sequence of steps in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer?

    • Electron bombardment, ion drift, detection, acceleration

    • Electron bombardment, ion drift, acceleration, detection

    • Ionisation, acceleration, ion drift, detection

    • Ionisation, ion drift, acceleration, detection

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    101 mark

    Which of the following has a complete subshell?

    • Mg

    • Si

    • Co

    • Cl

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    11 mark

    In which of the following species are the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons all different?

    • 32S2-

    • 16O-

    • 23Na+

    • 19F-

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    21 mark

    There are six unpaired electrons in atoms of element Z. What could element Z be?

    • Argon

    • Chromium

    • Carbon

    • Iron

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    31 mark

    The second ionisation energy of magnesium is 1451 kJ mol-1. 

    Which equation correctly represents this statement?

    • Mg+ (g) → Mg2+ (g) + e-          ΔHӨ = +1451 kJ mol-1

    • Mg+ (g) → Mg2+ (g) + e-          ΔHӨ = -1451 kJ mol-1

    • Mg (s) → Mg2+ (g) + 2e-         ΔHӨ = +1451 kJ mol-1

    • Mg (g) → Mg+ (g) + e-            ΔHӨ = -1451 kJ mol-1

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    41 mark

    What is the electronic configuration of the ion with a single negative charge and the atomic number 35?

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p6

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6

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    51 mark

    What is the correct sequence for the orbitals shown in an atom of cobalt in order of decreasing energy?

    • 3s 3p 4s 3d

    • 4s 3d 3s 3p

    • 3d 4s 3p 3s

    • 4s 3d 3p 3s

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    61 mark

    The mass spectrum of element X is shown below.

    -IwryL6N_1

    Which of the following statements is correct?

    • The isotope of X with mass 72 will be deflected the most.

    • The three isotopes of X are separated after being converted to anions.

    • The most abundant isotope of X contains 71 protons.

    • X has a relative atomic mass between 70 and 71.

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    71 mark

    A sample of metal Z was analysed using a TOF (Time of Flight) mass spectrometer. The table shows the relative abundance of each isotope in a mass spectrum of this sample. What is the relative atomic mass of metal Z to 3 significant figures?

    m/z value

    70

    72

    74

    Relative abundance (%)

    24.4

    32.4

    43.2

    • 72.4

    • 72.5

    • 72.38

    • 72.45

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    81 mark

    The successive ionisation energies of element X are shown in the table below. Which group of the periodic table does element X belong to?

    Ionisation number of X

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    Ionisation energy (kJ mol-1)

    1314

    3388

    5301

    7469

    10989

    13327

    71337

    84080

    • 3

    • 4

    • 5

    • 6

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    91 mark

    In order to ionise the sample of atoms in the Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, the sample must be ionised. Two methods of ionisation are electron bombardment and electrospray ionisation. Which of the following is not true of electrospray ionisation?

    • The sample gains a proton in the process.

    • The sample is dissolved in a volatile, nonpolar solvent.

    • The sample is injected through a hypodermic needle with a high voltage tip.

    • The sample is unfragmented.

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    101 mark

    A 106Ru+ ion with a mass of 1.76 x 10-25 kg  travels through the flight tube of a Time of Flight mass spectrometer with an energy of 5.67 x 10-16 J. What is the velocity of the ion? 

    KE = 1 half mv2

    • 80 269 m s-1

    • 56 759 m s-1

    • 0.0000115 m s-1

    • 2538 m s-1

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    11 mark

    Where would you expect the highest jump between successive ionisation energies of phosphorus to occur?

    • Between the 4th and 5th ionisation energies

    • Between the 5th and 6th ionisation energies

    • Between the 6th and 7th ionisation energies

    • Between the 7th and 8th ionisation energies

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    21 mark

    Which statement correctly explains the similarity in chemical behaviour for isotopes of the same element?

    • They may have the same electronic configuration, depending on the reaction.

    • They have different numbers of neutrons.

    • They have the same electronic configuration.

    • The number of protons is the same.

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    31 mark

    Which species will produce a half full 3d subshell having lost two electrons?

    • Fe2+

    • Co2+

    • Cr2+

    • Mn2+

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    41 mark

    The first ionisation energy of sulfur is slightly lower than the first ionisation energy of phosphorus. 

    Which statement explains why?

    • Electrons are paired in the same 3p subshell in sulfur.

    • Sulfur has a larger atomic radius than phosphorus.

    • The outer electron in sulfur is in a new orbital.

    • The atomic number of sulfur is higher than phosphorus.

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    51 mark

    The electronic configurations of four different atoms are shown. 

    Which atom has the highest first ionisation energy?

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6

    • 1s2 2s2 2p4

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1

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    61 mark

    Element J is located in period 3. Using the successive ionisation data given, what is the correct electron configuration of element J? 

     

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    4th

    5th

    6th 

    Ionisation energy kJ mol-1

    786

    1580

    3230

    4360

    16 000

    19 805

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4

    • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

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    71 mark

    A charged particle has the electronic configuration [Ar]3d3.

    What is the identity of the particle?

    • Cr+

    • V3+

    • Ti2+

    • V2+

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    81 mark

    Four ionisation energy equations are shown below.

    Which ionisation energy requires the largest amount of energy?

    • Na+ (g) → Na2+ (g) + e-

    • Ne (g) → Ne+ (g) + e-

    • Li (g) → Li+ (g) + e-

    • He+ (g) → He2+ (g) + e-

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    91 mark

    Which one from the following, lists the first ionisation energies of the elements sulfur, chlorine, argon, potassium in kJ mol-1 in the correct order?

    • 999, 1251, 1521, 1838

    • 999, 1251, 1521, 418

    • 418, 565, 729, 999

    • 999, 729, 565, 418

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    101 mark

    A sample of sodium was analysed in a time of flight mass spectrometer. The 23Na+ ions formed travelled down a 3 m flight tube with a kinetic energy of 1.63 x 10-14.
    (L = 6.022 x 1023)

    What is the velocity of the Na+ ion?

                         v space equals space square root of fraction numerator 2 K E over denominator m end fraction end root

    m = mass of particle (kg)

    KE = kinetic energy of particle (J)

    v = velocity of particle (m s-1)

    • 8.53 x 108 m s-1

    • 29215 m s-1

    • 923798 m s-1

    • 8.53 x 1011 m s-1

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