2. Foundations in Biology (OCR AS Biology)
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2.1 Cell Structure
2.2 Biological Molecules
- 2.2.1 Properties of Water
- 2.2.2 Monomers & Polymers
- 2.2.3 Monosaccharides
- 2.2.4 The Glycosidic Bond
- 2.2.5 Polysaccharides
- 2.2.6 Biochemical Tests: Reducing Sugars & Starch
- 2.2.7 Lipids & Ester Bonds
- 2.2.8 Lipids: Structure & Function
- 2.2.9 Biochemical Tests: Lipids
- 2.2.10 Amino Acids & Peptide Bonds
- 2.2.11 Protein: Structure
- 2.2.12 Globular Proteins
- 2.2.13 Fibrous Proteins
- 2.2.14 Inorganic Ions
- 2.2.15 Biochemical Tests: Proteins
- 2.2.16 Finding the Concentration of a Substance
- 2.2.17 Chromatography
2.3 Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids
2.4 Enzymes
- 2.4.1 The Role of Enzymes
- 2.4.2 Enzyme Action
- 2.4.3 Enzyme Activity: pH
- 2.4.4 Enzyme Activity: Temperature
- 2.4.5 Enzyme Activity: Enzyme Concentration
- 2.4.6 Enzyme Activity: Substrate Concentration
- 2.4.7 Enzyme Activity: Enzyme Inhibitors
- 2.4.8 Coenzymes, Cofactors & Prosthetic Groups
- 2.4.9 Practical: Measuring Enzyme Activity
2.5 Biological Membranes
- 2.5.1 The Cell Surface Membrane
- 2.5.2 Membrane Structure & Permeability
- 2.5.3 Diffusion & Facilitated Diffusion
- 2.5.4 Practical: Investigating the Rate of Diffusion
- 2.5.5 Active Transport
- 2.5.6 Endocytosis & Exocytosis
- 2.5.7 Osmosis
- 2.5.8 Osmosis in Animal & Plant Cells
- 2.5.9 Practical: Investigating Water Potential
2.6 Cell Division, Cell Diversity & Cellular Organisation
- 2.6.1 The Cell Cycle
- 2.6.2 The Stages of Mitosis
- 2.6.3 Identifying Mitosis in Plant Cells
- 2.6.4 The Significance of Mitosis
- 2.6.5 The Stages of Meiosis
- 2.6.6 The Significance of Meiosis
- 2.6.7 Specialised Cells
- 2.6.8 The Organisation of Cells
- 2.6.9 Stem Cells
- 2.6.10 Stem Cells in Animals & Plants
- 2.6.11 The Use of Stem Cells