The Heart (CIE AS Biology)

The graph shows the pressure in different parts of the heart during one cardiac cycle

At which point does the semilunar valve of the aorta close?

The diagram below shows the heart and associated blood vessels.

Which of the following would be correct for the flow of blood through the heart from the body?

The graph below shows the pressure in different parts of the left side of the heart during one cardiac cycle.

At the end of which section in the graph (A, B, C or D) would the ventricle be full of blood?

The muscle of the left-hand side of the heart is thicker than the right-hand side. 

Which of the following are consequences of this difference in muscle thickness?

1. The left side of the heart generates higher blood pressure
2. Blood leaving the right ventricle travels a greater distance than blood leaving the left ventricle
3. The left ventricle delivers blood to the body
4. The right ventricle generates lower pressure than the left-hand side

The narrowing of the aortic semilunar valve is a heart disorder called aortic stenosis.

Which of the following would describe the effect of aortic stenosis on the heart structure and function?

The diagram below shows two cardiac cycles of a patient. The events of the cycle are placed next to a timescale.

How fast is the patient’s heart beating?

The electrical excitation of the ventricles of the heart are thought to be improved by taking fish oils.

What part of the heart could the fish oils help?

The following parts of the heart all control the heartbeat.

1	Purkyne tissue
2	atrioventricular node (AVN)
3	sinoatrial node (SAN)

Which row in the table below is correct for ventricular contraction and atrial contraction?

	Ventricular contraction	Atrial contraction
A	Purkyne tissue carries a wave of excitation	SAN produces a wave of excitation
B	Purkyne tissue carries a wave of excitation	SAN and AVN produce a wave of excitation
C	AVN produces a wave of excitation	Purkyne tissue carries a wave of excitation
D	SAN produces a wave of excitation	AVN produces a wave of excitation

The diagram shows a fault in the wall of the atria.

Which of the following would describe the effect of this fault?

The table shows some changing conditions in the body.

Which row would cause the largest rise in cardiac output?

	aortic blood pressure	blood pressure in the vena cava	carbon dioxide concentration of the blood	frequency of impulses in the Vagus nerve
A B C D	no change no change decrease decrease	decrease decrease no change no change	ncrease no change increase no change	no change increase no change increase

The volume of blood pumped by each contraction of the ventricle is called the stroke volume. The volume of blood in the ventricle before systole is called the ventricular end-diastolic volume.

The following graphs show the relationship between stroke volume and ventricular
end-diastolic volume.

Which one is correct?

                      

The graph shows the pressure changes in the left side of the heart over time. The cardiac cycle shown lasts 0.6 seconds (s). 

The points on the graph 1, 2, 3 and 4 show when the atrioventricular and semilunar valves are open or closed.

What is the total time in one cardiac cycle when the atrioventricular valves and the semilunar valves are both closed at the same time?

The graph shows the pressure changes during a cardiac cycle 

Which row correctly identifies Q, R, S and T?

	Q	R	S	T
A	semilunar valves close	atrioventricular valves open	atrioventricular valves close	semilunar valves open
B	semilunar valves open	atrioventricular valves close	atrioventricular valves open	semilunar valves close
C	atrioventricular valves close	semilunar valves close	semilunar valves open	atrioventricular valves open
D	atrioventricular valves close	semilunar valves open	semilunar valves close	atrioventricular valves open

The diagram shows a horizontal cross section of a human heart. The atria have been removed so the valves can be seen.

 Which of the labels shows the valve that is pushed open when oxygenated blood is entering a ventricle?

The graph below shows the blood pressure changes in the aorta and left ventricle during two complete cardiac cycles.

Fig. 1

What is this person's heart rate?

The table below describes events during the cardiac cycle. 

Which row is correct?

	nerve impulses from atrioventricular node (AVN) to	nerve impulses from Purkyne tissue (PT) to	nerve impulses from the sinoatrial node (SAN) to
A	PT	the atria	AVN
B	SAN	the atria	PT
C	PT	the ventricles	AVN
D	SAN	the ventricles	PT

After entering the right side of the heart, a red blood cell will pass through or pass by the following structures:

1	tricuspid valve
2	semilunar valve
3	right atrium
4	right ventricle
5	sinoatrial node

Which option shows the correct order that red blood cells will pass through?

A disease that causes a lower than normal heart rate is called ‘heart block’. When a doctor was treating a patient with this condition, he found that they had normal electrical impulses but these were not correctly conducted to the ventricles. 

Which of the following could be faulty in the patient?

1	atrioventricular node (AVN)
2	sinoatrial node (SAN)
3	Purkyne tissue

The diagram is of the external heart structure and blood vessels.

Which row of the table below shows the combination of blood vessels that supply blood to the heart and carry blood away from the heart?

	To the heart	Away from the heart
A	2 and 3	1 and 4
B	4 and 1	2 and 3
C	3 and 4	1 and 2
D	1 and 2	3 and 4

The graph shows the pressure changes in the left side of the heart over time.

Which row of the table below shows what is happening at points 1, 2, 3 and 4 to the semilunar valves and the atrioventricular valves?

	Semilunar valve		Atrioventricular valve
	Opens	Closes	Opens	Closes
A	2	3	1	4
B	2	3	4	1
C	1	2	3	4
D	1	2	4	3