The structure of cellulose is held together by which type of bond?
1, 2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
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Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2020
Last exams 2024
The structure of cellulose is held together by which type of bond?
1, 2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
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Which bonds are found in glycogen?
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Where are the double bonds located in unsaturated lipid molecules?
within fatty acids chains and within glycerol molecules
between glycerol molecules and fatty acids chains
within glycerol molecules only
within fatty acid chains only
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Which of the molecules below is -glucose?
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A biological molecule is shown in the image below.
Which of the following could the molecule above be?
1, 2 and 4
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 4 only
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The diagrams below show a number of biological molecules.
Which of the molecules above contains a glycosidic bond?
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 4
1 and 2 onlyÂ
1 only
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Which of the following features distinguishes starch from glycogen?
Starch contains 1,6-glycosidic bonds.
Starch only contains -glucose.
Starch is a polysaccharide.
Starch has an unbranched component.
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Which molecule in the image below contains ester bonds?
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Which of the following types of bond is responsible for joining smaller molecules together to form biological polymers?
covalent
hydrogen
hydrophobic interactions
ionic
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Which of the following statements about triglycerides is incorrect?
They play a vital role in energy storage within an organism.
They have a lower ratio of oxygen to carbon compared with carbohydrates.
Only triglycerides with unsaturated fatty acid chains contain double bonds.
They are made up of three fatty acids combined with glycerol.
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Two biological molecules are shown in the diagram below.
Which row of the following table correctly identifies features of these molecules?
 | Molecule 1 | Molecule 2 |
A | has 3 fatty acid chains | fatty acid chains are all saturated |
B | has 2 ester bonds and a phosphate group | has 3 phosphodiester bonds |
C | has 3 saturated fatty acid chains | has 1 unsaturated fatty acid chain |
D | molecule is polar | molecule is polar |
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Two molecules of glucose are shown in the diagram below.
Four possible bonding positions are labelled h, i, k and l, and m, n, o and p.
When these two molecules condense to form amylopectin, where could these bonds form?
 o — i or k — p
p — i or p - k
i — n or m - h
p — k or n - i
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Which of the following occurs when sucrose is formed from monosaccharides?
Condensation of non-reducing sugars, using water
Condensation of reducing sugars, using water
Condensation of reducing sugars, releasing water
Condensation of non-reducing sugars, releasing water
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The molecular structure of starch makes it suited to its function.
Which of the following statements best explains why?
Many condensation reactions, in the breakdown of amylose and amylopectin, release stored energy.
Many hydrolysis reactions, in the formation of amylose and amylopectin, allow the release of stored energy to fuel cellular processes.
Amylose has a branched structure and amylopectin is coiled to give a compact structure for transport around the plant through the phloem.
The amylose-amylopectin complex is insoluble, so it does not affect the water potential of the cell.
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There is a naturally occurring polysaccharide which has the structure of an unbranched chain of the molecule acetylglucosamine held together by -1, 4 glycosidic bonds.
Between these unbranched chains are many types of a much weaker bond.
There are -CH20H groups that alternate on each side of the polysaccharide chain.
Which of the following polysaccharides has a structure similar to that described above?
glycogen
cellulose
amylopectin
amylose
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Which of the following correctly shows the structure of -glucose and of -glucose?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes a feature of carbohydrates or lipids?
Glycosidic bonds form during hydrolysis reactions, joining monosaccharides together to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.
A triglyceride is not an example of a polymer as it is not formed from smaller subunits joined together by covalent bonds.
A triglyceride is not an example of a polymer although it is formed from smaller subunits joined together.
Glycosidic bonds join disaccharides together to form monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
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Which of the following procedures could be carried out on sucrose to achieve a positive test result for a reducing sugar?
1, 2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
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Which of the statements below correctly describes a disaccharide?
Sugars formed from two subunits joined together by a covalent bond that forms during a hydrolysis reaction.
Sugars formed from two subunits joined together by a glycosidic bond that forms during a hydrolysis reaction.
Sugars formed from two subunits joined together by a glycosidic bond that forms during a condensation reaction.
Starches formed from two subunits joined together by a covalent bond that forms during a condensation reaction.
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All biological molecuies have structures that relate to their functions.
Three statements about structure are given below:
Which of the options below would all three statements above apply to?
amylose and amylopectin
cellulose only
both amylose and cellulose
amylose only
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The diagram below shows the molecular structures of two molecules.
 Â
Which of the above statements are true?
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 4
2 and 4 only
2 only
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A number of biological molecules are shown in the diagram below.
Which row of the table below correctly identifies some of the products of hydrolysis of the molecules above?
 | Q | R | S | T |
A | -glucose | -glucose | glycerol | -glucose |
B | -glucose | -glucose | fatty acids | -glucose |
C | -glucose | -glucose | glycerol | -glucose |
D | Â -glucose | -glucose | phosphate group | -glucose |
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Which of the statements above are not true?
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
2 and 4 only
4 only
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Which of the following molecules would have a structural formula that contains C=O bonds?
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 only
3 only
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The names of four biological molecules are given below:
Which of the following combinations contains a disaccharide that would act as a reducing agent when mixed with copper (II) sulfate ions, and a disaccharide that wouldn't?
1 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 3
3 and 4
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Which of the statements above are not true?
1 and 2
2 and 3
1, 2 and 3
None of the above
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Lactose is a disaccharide that can be broken down to two different monosaccharides, one of which is galactose.
Which of the following correctly describes what occurs when lactose breaks down?
Hydrolysis, releasing galactose and glucose and using water
Condensation of galactose and glucose, using water
Hydrolysis, releasing maltose and galactose and using water
Condensation, releasing maltose and galactose, releasing water
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Which of the following is a correct description?
Sucrose and maltose are disaccharides that do not react with Cu2+ ions in Benedict's reagent, resulting in no colour change signifying that reducing sugars are present
Sucrose and maltose are disaccharides, sucrose is a reducing sugar that can donate electrons to Cu2+ ions in Benedict's reagent, resulting in a colour change whereas maltose does not reduce Cu2+ ions
Sucrose and maltose are disaccharides that do not react with Cu2+ ions in Benedict's reagent, resulting in no colour change signifying that non-reducing sugars are present
Sucrose and maltose are disaccharides, maltose is a reducing sugar that can donate electrons to Cu2+ ions in Benedict's reagent, resulting in a colour change whereas sucrose does not reduce Cu2+ ions
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Which of the following is a correct description of a monosaccharide?
An OH group projects below the plane of the ring of 1C and 4C in -glucose, and above the plane of the ring of 2C and 4C in -glucose.
An OH group projects below the plane of the ring of 1C and 4C in -glucose, and above the plane of the ring of 2C and 1C in -glucose
An OH group projects below the plane of the ring of 1C and 3C in -glucose, whereas the OH group projects above the plane of 1C in -glucose.
An OH group projects above the plane of the ring of 1C and 3C in -glucose, whereas the OH group projects below the plane of 1C in -glucose.
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Glycosidic bonds join monosaccharides together to form disaccharides and polysaccharides. Peptide bonds join amino acid subunits together to form polypeptide chains. Triglyceride molecules contain three fatty acid chains joined to one glycerol molecule via three ester bonds.
Which of the following statements correctly describes a feature all of the polymers described above share?
They all contain monomers which are formed by many smaller molecules joined together by hydrogen bonds, which form during condensation reactions.
They all contain monomers which are formed by many smaller molecules joined together by hydrogen bonds, which form during hydrolysis reactions.
They all contain monomers which are formed by many smaller molecules joined together by covalent bonds, which form during condensation reactions.
They all contain monomers which are formed by many smaller molecules joined together by covalent bonds, which form during hydrolysis reactions.
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