CIE AS Biology
Exam Questions

The Microscope in Cell Studies, Magnification Calculations, Eyepiece Graticules & Stage Micrometers, Resolution & Magnification, Calculating Actual Size

Eukaryotic Cell Structures & Functions, Animal & Plant Cells, The Vital Role of ATP, Prokaryotic v Eukaryotic Cells, Viruses

Biological Molecule Tests, The Benedict's Test, Testing for Non-Reducing Sugars

Biological Molecules: Key Terms, Covalent Bonds in Polymers, Reducing & Non-Reducing Sugars, The Glycosidic Bond, Starch & Glycogen, Cellulose, Triglycerides, Phospholipids

Amino Acids & the Peptide Bond, The Four Levels of Protein Structure, Protein Shape, Globular & Fibrous Proteins, Haemoglobin, Collagen

Water & the Hydrogen Bond, The Role of Water in Living Organisms

Enzymes, Enzyme Action, How Enzymes Work, Measuring Enzyme Activity, Colorimetry

Rate: Temperature, Rate: pH, Rate: Enzyme Concentration, Rate: Substrate Concentration, Rate: Inhibitor Concentration, Vmax & the Michaelis-Menten Constant, Enzyme Inhibitors, Enzyme Activity: Immobilised v Free

The Fluid Mosaic Model, Components of Cell Surface Membranes, The Cell Surface Membrane, Cell Signalling

Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, Endocytosis & Exocytosis, Investigating Transport Processes in Plants, Investigating Diffusion, Surface Area to Volume Ratios, Investigating Surface Area, Estimating Water Potential in Plants, Osmosis in Plant Cells, Osmosis in Animals, Comparing Osmosis in Plants & Animals

Chromosome Structure, Mitosis, The Cell Cycle, The Role of Telomeres, The Role of Stem Cells, How Tumours Form

The Stages of Mitosis, Observing Mitosis

Nucleotides, The Structure of DNA, Semi-Conservative DNA Replication, The Structure of RNA

From Gene to Polypeptide, The Universal Genetic Code, Constructing Polypeptides, Transcription, Gene Mutations

Plant Transverse Sections, Xylem & Phloem Distribution, Xylem Vessels Elements, Phloem Sieve Tube Elements

Water & Mineral Ion Transport in Plants, Transpiration in Plants, Water & the Transpiration Pull, Xerophytic Plant Leaf Adaptations, Movement in the Phloem, The Sucrose Loading Mechanism, Phloem: Mass Flow

Circulatory Systems, The Main Blood Vessels, Observing & Drawing Blood Vessels, Blood Vessels: Structures & Functions, Cells of the Blood, The Role of Water in Circulation, Blood, Tissue Fluid & Lymph

Red Blood Cells, Haemoglobin & Oxygen, The Chloride Shift, Plasma & Carbon Dioxide, The Oxygen Dissociation Curve, The Bohr Shift

Structure of the Heart, The Walls of the Heart, The Cardiac Cycle, Heart Action

The Human Gas Exchange System, Distribution of Tissues, Recognising Tissues, Recognising Structures, Structures & Functions of the Gas Exchange System, Gas Exchange Processes

Infectious Diseases, Transmission of Disease, Prevention & Control of Disease

Penicillin, Antibiotic Resistance, Consequences of Antibiotic Resistance

Phagocytes, Antigens, Primary Immune Response, Memory Cells & Immunity

Antibodies, Making Monoclonal Antibodies, Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies, Types of Immunity, How Vaccines Work, Vaccination to Control Disease