World War II: Mobilization (College Board AP® US History): Exam Questions

13 mins13 questions
11 mark
Large battleship engulfed in thick black smoke, leaning at port. Smoke billows skyward, and small boats navigate the water near the ship.
Photograph taken by a member of the Department of the US Navy, Fourteenth Naval District, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, December 7, 1941

The events depicted in the image most directly contributed to which shift in U.S. foreign policy?

  • The pursuit of Cold War containment policies

  • The reinforcement of neutrality through the Neutrality Acts

  • The adoption of imperial expansion in the Pacific

  • The end of isolationism and full-scale involvement in World War II

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21 mark
Large battleship engulfed in thick black smoke, leaning at port. Smoke billows skyward, and small boats navigate the water near the ship.
Photograph taken by a member of the Department of the US Navy, Fourteenth Naval District, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, December 7, 1941

Which of the following groups in the United States would have most strongly opposed U.S. involvement in World War II before the event depicted in the image?

  • The America First Committee

  • The War Production Board

  • The NAACP

  • The Atlantic Charter signatories

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31 mark
Large battleship engulfed in thick black smoke, leaning at port. Smoke billows skyward, and small boats navigate the water near the ship.
Photograph taken by a member of the Department of the US Navy, Fourteenth Naval District, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, December 7, 1941

Which of the following best explains the impact of the event depicted in the image on U.S. military strategy during World War II?

  • The United States pursued a policy of appeasement toward Japan

  • The United States adopted a Europe-first strategy in its military planning

  • The United States formed an alliance with the Soviet Union

  • The United States sought to avoid further conflict in the Pacific theater

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41 mark
Large battleship engulfed in thick black smoke, leaning at port. Smoke billows skyward, and small boats navigate the water near the ship.
Photograph taken by a member of the Department of the US Navy, Fourteenth Naval District, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, December 7, 1941

The attack on Pearl Harbor directly contributed to which of the following domestic policies?

  • The internment of Japanese Americans

  • The restriction of German and Italian immigration

  • The expansion of wartime propaganda targeting Japanese forces

  • The establishment of military tribunals for suspected spies

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51 mark
Large battleship engulfed in thick black smoke, leaning at port. Smoke billows skyward, and small boats navigate the water near the ship.
Photograph taken by a member of the Department of the US Navy, Fourteenth Naval District, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, December 7, 1941

Which other historical time period could have elicited a similar scene to that shown in the photograph?

  • The Tet Offensive during the Vietnam War

  • The Mexican-American War battles in Texas and California

  • The British attack on Washington, D.C., during the War of 1812

  • The U.S. intervention in the Persian Gulf War (1991)

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61 mark

"These plain people—civilians as well as soldiers and sailors and airmen—women and girls as well as men and boys—they are fighting in the front line of civilization at this moment, and they are holding that line with a fortitude that will forever be the pride and the inspiration of all free men on every continent, on every isle of the sea.

The British people and their Grecian allies need ships. From America, they will get ships.

They need planes. From America, they will get planes.

From America they need food. From America, they will get food.

They need tanks and guns and ammunition and supplies of all kinds. From America, they will get tanks and guns and ammunition and supplies of all kinds."

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fireside Chat on the Lend-Lease Act, March 15, 1941

Which of the following best explains President Roosevelt’s argument in the excerpt above?

  • Aiding Britain was necessary to protect U.S. national security interests

  • The U.S. needed to directly invade Germany to ensure an Allied victory

  • Economic aid would be repaid in full, ensuring that the U.S. remained financially stable

  • The U.S. aimed to expand its territorial holdings in Europe and the Pacific

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71 mark

"These plain people—civilians as well as soldiers and sailors and airmen—women and girls as well as men and boys—they are fighting in the front line of civilization at this moment, and they are holding that line with a fortitude that will forever be the pride and the inspiration of all free men on every continent, on every isle of the sea.

The British people and their Grecian allies need ships. From America, they will get ships.

They need planes. From America, they will get planes.

From America they need food. From America, they will get food.

They need tanks and guns and ammunition and supplies of all kinds. From America, they will get tanks and guns and ammunition and supplies of all kinds."

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fireside Chat on the Lend-Lease Act, March 15, 1941

The approach of President Roosevelt in the excerpt can be best seen as

  • An assertion of American neutrality in the face of growing global conflict

  • An effort to shift U.S. policy toward direct military intervention

  • A move to support Britain while keeping the U.S. out of direct combat

  • An attempt to convince the U.S. public of the need for full-scale military intervention

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81 mark

"These plain people—civilians as well as soldiers and sailors and airmen—women and girls as well as men and boys—they are fighting in the front line of civilization at this moment, and they are holding that line with a fortitude that will forever be the pride and the inspiration of all free men on every continent, on every isle of the sea.

The British people and their Grecian allies need ships. From America, they will get ships.

They need planes. From America, they will get planes.

From America they need food. From America, they will get food.

They need tanks and guns and ammunition and supplies of all kinds. From America, they will get tanks and guns and ammunition and supplies of all kinds."

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fireside Chat on the Lend-Lease Act, March 15, 1941

The policies supported in the excerpt above most directly signaled a shift away from which earlier U.S. foreign policy approach?

  • The Cash and Carry policy 

  • The Good Neighbor policy

  • The Neutrality Acts

  • The Open Door policy

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91 mark

"These plain people—civilians as well as soldiers and sailors and airmen—women and girls as well as men and boys—they are fighting in the front line of civilization at this moment, and they are holding that line with a fortitude that will forever be the pride and the inspiration of all free men on every continent, on every isle of the sea.

The British people and their Grecian allies need ships. From America, they will get ships.

They need planes. From America, they will get planes.

From America they need food. From America, they will get food.

They need tanks and guns and ammunition and supplies of all kinds. From America, they will get tanks and guns and ammunition and supplies of all kinds."

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fireside Chat on the Lend-Lease Act, March 15, 1941

The Lend-Lease Act significantly affected the U.S. economy because it

  • Led to a major decline in manufacturing due to wartime resource shortages

  • Created new wartime industries which helped end the Great Depression

  • Caused widespread protests from workers who opposed military production

  • Reduced the need for U.S. government spending on defense

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101 mark
Woman flexing arm with red polka-dot headscarf, blue shirt, and confident expression on yellow background with "We Can Do It!" text above.
War Production Co-Ordinating Committee, United States Creator. We Can Do It! Rosie the Riveter, 1942

The main point of the poster above is that

  • There was strong popular support for US intervention in the war

  • The US economy had improved after the Great Depression 

  • Female mobilization was encouraged in the war effort 

  • The government wanted to remove sexual discrimination from industry 

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111 mark
Woman flexing arm with red polka-dot headscarf, blue shirt, and confident expression on yellow background with "We Can Do It!" text above.
War Production Co-Ordinating Committee, United States Creator. We Can Do It! Rosie the Riveter, 1942

The poster was intended to 

  • Encourage women to seek employment in an industrial setting

  • Persuade women to enlist in the Women’s Army Corps (WAC)

  • Promote equality in the United States society 

  • Portray women as a danger to industrial output during the Second World War 

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121 mark
Woman flexing arm with red polka-dot headscarf, blue shirt, and confident expression on yellow background with "We Can Do It!" text above.
War Production Co-Ordinating Committee, United States Creator. We Can Do It! Rosie the Riveter, 1942

Which of the following represents a later example of the change highlighted in the poster? 

  • Roe vs Wade 

  • Title IX

  • The Nineteenth Amendment 

  • The “Quiet Revolution”

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131 mark
Woman flexing arm with red polka-dot headscarf, blue shirt, and confident expression on yellow background with "We Can Do It!" text above.
War Production Co-Ordinating Committee, United States Creator. We Can Do It! Rosie the Riveter, 1942

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of this poster?

  •  The Women’s Liberation Movement

  • Christian Fundamentalism and the Religious Right

  • The Modern Conservative Movement

  • The Populist Movement

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