Which of the following factors was an important cause of the female employment trend reflected in the chart?
Debates over the Fourteenth Amendment regarding women’s right to vote
The Civil War and the Reconstruction redefined citizenship and employment for women
Actions taken by the National American Woman Suffrage Association toward gender equality
President Lincoln’s ‘ten percent’ plan to increase the number of women employed
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Which of the following conclusions is supported by the evidence in the chart?
In 1860, every woman in the USA was employed as a dressmaker, milliner, or seamstress
Women played a prominent role in the union movement in the USA in the 1860s
Despite the impact of the Civil War on the workforce, women were prohibited from accessing high-skilled, intellectual employment
After the Civil War, more women chose to work in less female-dominated industries
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The main trend shown in the table was most directly associated with which of the following processes?
The Reconstruction
The Emancipation Proclamation
Female suffrage
Industrialization
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What is a key limitation of the data provided by the table?
The retrospective nature of the table, given that it was published in 1966
Figures for the 1860s have been estimated, making the figures for this period less accurate
Data deriving from 1860 to 1890, which is too small of a range to determine patterns in female employment
The number of jobs that women did is inexhaustive and many roles are not included in the table
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A Table Showing the Political Representation of Black Americans in former Confederate states, 1867-1887
State | Population | State Constitutional Convention | National Congress (House of Representatives and Senate) |
|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina | 412,000 Black 291,000 White | 76 Black 48 White | Eight Black congressmen |
Mississippi | 437,000 Black 353,000 White | 16 Black 84 White | One Black congressman, two Black senators |
Louisiana | 350,000 Black 357,000 White | 49 Black 49 White | Three Black congressmen were elected but two did not take their seats |
Florida | 62,000 Black 77,000 White | 18 Black 27 White | One Black congressman |
North Carolina | 361,000 Black 629,000 White | 15 Black 188 White | Four Black congressmen |
Alabama | 465,000 Black 526,000 White | 33 Black 90 White | Three Black congressmen |
Georgia | 465,000 Black | 33 Black | One Black congressman |
591,000 White | 137 White | ||
Virginia | 548,000 Black 1,000,000 White | 25 Black 80 White | One Black congressman |
Which of the following factors was an important cause of the political trend reflected in this chart?
The Fifteenth Amendment which ensured that the right to vote could not be denied by race
The debate between so-called ‘scalawags’ and ‘carpetbaggers’ which prohibited Reconstruction reforms
President Johnson, who spearheaded the Reconstruction of the United States after the Civil War
The Black Codes, which allowed southern states to rejoin the United States by providing rights to Black Americans
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A Table Showing the Political Representation of Black Americans in former Confederate states, 1867-1887
State | Population | State Constitutional Convention | National Congress (House of Representatives and Senate) |
|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina | 412,000 Black 291,000 White | 76 Black 48 White | Eight Black congressmen |
Mississippi | 437,000 Black 353,000 White | 16 Black 84 White | One Black congressman, two Black senators |
Louisiana | 350,000 Black 357,000 White | 49 Black 49 White | Three Black congressmen were elected but two did not take their seats |
Florida | 62,000 Black 77,000 White | 18 Black 27 White | One Black congressman |
North Carolina | 361,000 Black 629,000 White | 15 Black 188 White | Four Black congressmen |
Alabama | 465,000 Black 526,000 White | 33 Black 90 White | Three Black congressmen |
Georgia | 465,000 Black | 33 Black | One Black congressman |
591,000 White | 137 White | ||
Virginia | 548,000 Black 1,000,000 White | 25 Black 80 White | One Black congressman |
Which of the following conclusions is supported by the evidence in the chart?
Inherently racist attitudes in the federal government prevented Black Americans from experiencing political progress
The Reconstruction period achieved the political equality of Black and White American citizens
Directly after the Civil War, the political representation of Black Americans grew but was not equal to that of white Americans
Southern states were more progressive in the civil rights of Black Americans in comparison to Northern states
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A Table Showing the Political Representation of Black Americans in former Confederate states, 1867-1887
State | Population | State Constitutional Convention | National Congress (House of Representatives and Senate) |
|---|---|---|---|
South Carolina | 412,000 Black 291,000 White | 76 Black 48 White | Eight Black congressmen |
Mississippi | 437,000 Black 353,000 White | 16 Black 84 White | One Black congressman, two Black senators |
Louisiana | 350,000 Black 357,000 White | 49 Black 49 White | Three Black congressmen were elected but two did not take their seats |
Florida | 62,000 Black 77,000 White | 18 Black 27 White | One Black congressman |
North Carolina | 361,000 Black 629,000 White | 15 Black 188 White | Four Black congressmen |
Alabama | 465,000 Black 526,000 White | 33 Black 90 White | Three Black congressmen |
Georgia | 465,000 Black | 33 Black | One Black congressman |
591,000 White | 137 White | ||
Virginia | 548,000 Black 1,000,000 White | 25 Black 80 White | One Black congressman |
The changes shown in the chart were later reversed by
The assassination of President Lincoln
The Compromise of 1877 giving the Republicans a majority in the House of Representatives
Racial issues becoming the responsibility of the federal government, rather than each state
A growing fatigue in the North over the ‘race problem’
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“Every civil officer shall, and every person may, arrest and carry back to his or her legal employer any freedman, free negro, or mulatto who shall have quit the service of his or her employer before the expiration of his or her term of service without good cause”
“If any person shall persuade or attempt to persuade, entice, or cause any freedman, free negro, or mulatto to desert from the legal employment of any person before the expiration of his or her term of service, or shall knowingly employ any such deserting freedman, free negro, or mulatto…shall be guilty of a misdemeanor”
Laws of the State of Mississippi passed at a Regular Session of the Mississippi Legislature, held in the City of Jackson, October, November and December, 1865
The “Black Codes” as shown in the excerpt were enacted in many Southern States to
Enforce voting rights for Black Americans
Reduce racial tensions during Reconstruction
Restrict the rights of Black Americans
Promote the economic independence of freedmen
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“Every civil officer shall, and every person may, arrest and carry back to his or her legal employer any freedman, free negro, or mulatto who shall have quit the service of his or her employer before the expiration of his or her term of service without good cause”
“If any person shall persuade or attempt to persuade, entice, or cause any freedman, free negro, or mulatto to desert from the legal employment of any person before the expiration of his or her term of service, or shall knowingly employ any such deserting freedman, free negro, or mulatto…shall be guilty of a misdemeanor”
Laws of the State of Mississippi passed at a Regular Session of the Mississippi Legislature, held in the City of Jackson, October, November and December, 1865
Most historians would argue that the “Black Codes” had a significant influence on the
Increased tensions between congressional Republicans and President Andrew Johnson
Rapid economic development of the Reconstruction South
Emergence of the Freedmen’s Bureau as a powerful federal agency
Widespread use of sharecropping by formerly enslaved individuals
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