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Development (College Board AP® Human Geography): Exam Questions

15 mins15 questions
11 mark

Which of the following statements best describes Infant Mortality Rate as a measure of development?

  • This measures how well a country doing, based on life expectancy, education and standard of living.

  • Using three dimensions, it measures the inequality between men and women.

  • The calculation for the number of children dying before the age of 1. 

  • The average number of live babies born during the period of fertile productivity.

  • The full amount of money earned by individuals and companies in a country. 

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21 mark

Which of the following is not included in the Gender Inequality Index? 

  • Maternal mortality ratio

  • Adolescent fertility rate

  • Parliamentary seats by gender

  • Secondary and higher education levels

  • Infant mortality rate

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31 mark

GNP is

  • The total value of goods and services produced in a country within a year 

  • According to WHO 'The Gross National Income, GNI, formerly referred to as gross national product (GNP)'

  • The percentage of people who are able to read and write

  • The total value of goods and services by the citizens of a country

  • The level of power women hold in society

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41 mark

Which of the following is not an example of the informal sector?

  • Waste pickers

  • Domestic workers 

  • Postal workers

  • Street vendors

  • Unregulated transportation

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51 mark

What do low literacy rates typically correspond with?

  • Poverty 

  • Access to nutrition

  • Longer life expectancy

  • Low fertility rates

  • Better access to education

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61 mark

In more economically developed countries, what kind of work would women be taking part in? 

  • Subsistence agriculture

  • Higher-paying professional jobs

  • Low-skilled jobs

  • The informal sector

  • They would not work

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71 mark

The shared expectations, rules and behaviour that are typically or expected for a group is known as 

  • A glass ceiling

  • Cultural norms

  • Family dynamics

  • Cultural traditions

  • Cultural traits

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81 mark

Microloans are

  • Taxes that are placed on imported and exported products.

  • When debt and interest rises so much, that it becomes impossible to pay it off.

  • A deal between two countries, to reduce obstacles for importing and exporting between them.

  • When global institutions provide financial assistance to less developed countries to support development.

  • The provision of small loans to support business growth. They are typically given to poorer people or women. 

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91 mark

As a country becomes more developed, it can affect women’s societal roles. Which of the following would not occur as a country becomes more developed? 

  • More women may be working, due to better access to education or job opportunities. 

  • Women may become more empowered financially, as they earn their own money.

  • Women are less likely to be stay-at-home parents, resulting in a greater demand for childcare services. 

  • Women remain in traditional roles, typically unpaid work like caring for children, which reduces their chances of getting into the workforce.

  • Women start to be recognised for their achievements, and gender equality becomes the norm in society.

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101 mark
Graph illustrating Rostow's Model of Development with five stages: Traditional Society, Transitional Stage, Take-off, Drive to Maturity, High Mass Consumption.

The model above reflects which theory of development?

  • Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth

  • Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory

  • Dependency Theory

  • Commodity Dependence 

  • The Demographic Transition Model

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111 mark

China is in Stage 4 of Rostow’s model. Which of the following statements best describes China in relation to this model? 

  • Drive to Maturity, the slow increase in standards of living, technology increases and economic growth occurs. 

  • The Traditional Society, characterised by an economy of subsistence, intensive labor and agriculture, with little scientific or technological innovation.

  • Preconditions to take-off, with the slow introduction of manufacturing.

  • High Mass Consumption, the stage of high development and capitalism. 

  • Take off, the stage where rapid growth through industrialization occurs. 

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121 mark

What would people in Stage 5 of Rostow’s model likely have lots of? 

  • Cheap labor

  • Commodity dependence

  • Disposable income

  • Reliance on exports

  • Inflation

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131 mark

With reference to Rostow’s model, which of the following statements best describes Stage 3?

  • Mass consumption of high-value goods, and high disposable income

  • The take-off stage, characterized by urbanization and industrialization 

  • Traditional economic activity, with very little economic growth

  • Growing industrialization, with the expansion of infrastructure

  • Developments in technology and infrastructure, whilst relying on exports

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141 mark

Which of the following is not one of Rostow’s assumptions with regard to his model?

  • All countries want and are able to modernize and develop

  • All countries will follow the path of industrialization 

  • Time is not relevant

  • Economic development is linear, where countries must follow each stage 

  • Ignoring the interdependence of countries 

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151 mark

At what point would commodity dependence occur?

  • When more than 20% of a country’s exports are commodities

  • When more than 60% of a country’s exports are commodities

  • When more than 10% of a country’s exports are commodities

  • When more than 50% of a country’s exports are commodities

  • When more than 80% of a country’s exports are commodities

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