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AP®GeographyCollege BoardHuman GeographyExam QuestionsCities & Urban Land-Use Patterns & ProcessesChallenges of Urban Change

Challenges of Urban Change (College Board AP® Human Geography): Exam Questions

12 mins12 questions
11 mark

Which of the following is not a characteristic of squatter settlements? 

  • Poor sanitation

  • Legal regulations

  • High population density

  • High crime

  • Improper infrastructure

Choose your answer

21 mark

Blockbusting is

  • The highly problematic practice of convincing tenants to sell the property at a lower price, so that real estate companies can hike the price afterwards.

  • Neighbourhood separation based on racial characteristics

  • Refusing financial opportunities to minorities, through direct discrimination.

  • When neighbourhoods contain a large proportion of slums or squatter settlements.

  • When an area has been left abandoned.

Choose your answer

31 mark

Which of the following may be a reason why people are food secure

  • Natural disasters, like drought or flooding

  • Poverty and lack of investment

  • Political difficulties and unstable governments

  • The rise of farmers’ markets and locally produced food

  • Food price rises

Choose your answer

41 mark

Which of the following is not an example of urban farming?

  • Vertical farming, using hydroponic or aeroponic systems

  • Community gardens

  • Rooftop farming

  • Aquaponics

  • Organic farming

Choose your answer

51 mark

Reurbanization is 

  • The growth of cities as people move from rural to urban areas 

  • The movement of people from urban back to rural areas

  • The movement of people from urban to suburban areas

  • The movement of people back to urban centres

  • The movement of wealthier people into low-income areas, making changes as they come

Choose your answer

61 mark

Which of the following processes leads to the creation of exurbs? 

  • Suburbanization

  • Reurbanization

  • Counter urbanization

  • Urbanization

  • Gentrification

Choose your answer

71 mark

The so-called ‘white flight’ resulted from blockbusting. What does ‘white flight’ refer to?

  • The influx of wealthier people into lower-income areas

  • The practice of real estate agents influencing people to sell their homes at low prices

  • The disproportionate exposure of minority and low-income people to environmental hazards

  • The increase in informal housing on the outskirts of cities

  • White residents leaving an area as more ethnically or racially diverse people move there

Choose your answer

81 mark

The refusal of banks to give home loans to minorities is known as

  • Redlining

  • Blockbusting

  • Gentrification

  • Placelessness

  • Functional fragmentation

Choose your answer

91 mark

Minority groups and low-income communities may be disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards. This is known as

  • Redlining

  • Environment injustice

  • Blockbusting

  • Gentrification

  • Disamenity zoning

Choose your answer

101 mark

Which of the following would be useful to combat economic segregation?

  • Blockbusting

  • Disamenity zones

  • Redlining

  • Gentrification

  • Inclusionary zoning 

Choose your answer

111 mark

Gentrification may cause historical places to lose their character. This is known as

  • Sense of place

  • Redlining

  • Environmental injustice

  • Placelessness

  • White flight

Choose your answer

121 mark

The functional fragmentation of government is

  • When agencies and departments, like transport or health services, have authority over the policies that affect cities

  • Local, state, and national governments are in charge of policies affecting urban areas

  • The influx of high-income residents into lower-income areas, causing cultural, economic, population and residential changes

  • A form of urban planning, aiming to incentivize the inclusion of a certain amount of affordable housing in new residential projects

  • The highly problematic practice of convincing tenants to sell the property at a lower price, so that real estate companies can hike the price afterwards.

Choose your answer