Free Response Questions (College Board AP® Environmental Science): Exam Questions

20 mins2 questions
1a1 mark

A research team is investigating the effect of solar and wind energy adoption on local air quality in a city previously reliant on coal power. The study measures airborne particulate matter (PM 2.5) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels before and after transitioning to renewables.

Identify the dependent variable in the study.

1b1 mark

 Identify a testable hypothesis for the study.

1c1 mark

Describe one reason why researchers should include a city that has not switched to renewables as a control.

1d1 mark

Explain how seasonality might affect air quality measurements in the study.

1e1 mark

Identify one source of PM2.5 pollution that would still be present even after transitioning to renewable energy.

1f1 mark

Describe one possible economic impact of transitioning from coal to renewable energy in the city.

1g1 mark

Explain how increased solar panel production could create a different environmental problem.

1h1 mark

Identify one way a government policy could accelerate the transition to renewable energy [1 point].

1i1 mark

Explain how a life cycle assessment (LCA) could help policymakers understand the full environmental impact of wind and solar energy.

1j1 mark

Describe one reason why some communities may resist the transition to solar and wind power.

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2a1 mark

Biofuels, derived from plant material, are being promoted as an alternative to fossil fuels. While biofuels reduce CO₂ emissions compared to gasoline, they also have environmental drawbacks.

Identify one biomass-based fuel that can be used as an alternative to gasoline.

2b1 mark

Explain why biofuels are considered carbon neutral in theory but may not be in practice.

2c1 mark

Describe one disadvantage of large-scale corn-based ethanol production.

2d1 mark

Explain how biofuel production could contribute to deforestation.

2e1 mark

Explain one advantage of algae-based biofuels over corn-based biofuels.

2f1 mark

Describe how government policies, such as subsidies, could influence biofuel adoption.

2g1 mark

Identify one major limitation of replacing all fossil fuels with biofuels.

2h1 mark

Describe one impact of increased biofuel demand on global food prices.

2i1 mark

Explain how biofuel use could still contribute to climate change despite lower CO₂ emissions.

2j1 mark

Propose a sustainable method to produce biofuels while minimizing environmental damage.

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