Sustainable Agriculture (College Board AP® Environmental Science): Exam Questions

8 mins8 questions
11 mark

Which of the following agricultural practices is not considered a method of sustainable agriculture?

  • Contour plowing – plowing along the natural contours of the land to reduce soil erosion  

  • Monoculture farming – growing a single crop species over large areas for multiple seasons  

  • Crop rotation – alternating different crops in the same field to maintain soil fertility  

  • No-till agriculture – minimising soil disturbance to reduce erosion and retain soil moisture  

Did this page help you?

21 mark

Why is limestone added to soil in sustainable agriculture?  

  • To increase the soil’s acidity for better nutrient uptake  

  • To improve soil structure by increasing its water-holding capacity  

  • To neutralise soil acidity and enhance nutrient availability  

  • To act as a pesticide and control harmful soil organisms  

Did this page help you?

31 mark

Examine the data below and answer the question:

Method

Soil Health Impact

Water Usage

Biodiversity Effect

Initial Cost

Long-Term Sustainability

Climate Adaptation Potential

Crop Rotation

Improves

Moderate

Increases

Low

High

Moderate

Agroforestry

Improves

Moderate

High

High

High

High

Hydroponics

Neutral

Low

Low

Very High

Moderate

High

No-Till Farming

High

Low

Moderate

Moderate

High

High

Cover Cropping

High

Moderate

High

Low

High

Moderate

A country facing both severe soil degradation and biodiversity loss is deciding on a sustainable agricultural method. Which method would be the most effective solution?

  • Hydroponics

  • No-Till Farming

  • Agroforestry

  • Crop Rotation

Did this page help you?

41 mark

Examine the data below and answer the question:

Method

Soil Health Impact

Water Usage

Biodiversity Effect

Initial Cost

Long-Term Sustainability

Climate Adaptation Potential

Crop Rotation

Improves

Moderate

Increases

Low

High

Moderate

Agroforestry

Improves

Moderate

High

High

High

High

Hydroponics

Neutral

Low

Low

Very High

Moderate

High

No-Till Farming

High

Low

Moderate

Moderate

High

High

Cover Cropping

High

Moderate

High

Low

High

Moderate

A low-income farming community is searching for a method that requires minimal financial investment but ensures long-term sustainability. Which method is the best fit?

  • Hydroponics

  • Cover Cropping

  • No-Till Farming

  • Agroforestry

Did this page help you?

51 mark

Examine the data below and answer the question:

Method

Soil Health Impact

Water Usage

Biodiversity Effect

Initial Cost

Long-Term Sustainability

Climate Adaptation Potential

Crop Rotation

Improves

Moderate

Increases

Low

High

Moderate

Agroforestry

Improves

Moderate

High

High

High

High

Hydroponics

Neutral

Low

Low

Very High

Moderate

High

No-Till Farming

High

Low

Moderate

Moderate

High

High

Cover Cropping

High

Moderate

High

Low

High

Moderate

A desert country with severe water shortages but a growing population needs to maximise food production. Which method is the most viable?

  • Crop Rotation

  • Hydroponics

  • Agroforestry

  • No-Till Farming

Did this page help you?

61 mark

Examine the data below and answer the question:

Method

Soil Health Impact

Water Usage

Biodiversity Effect

Initial Cost

Long-Term Sustainability

Climate Adaptation Potential

Crop Rotation

Improves

Moderate

Increases

Low

High

Moderate

Agroforestry

Improves

Moderate

High

High

High

High

Hydroponics

Neutral

Low

Low

Very High

Moderate

High

No-Till Farming

High

Low

Moderate

Moderate

High

High

Cover Cropping

High

Moderate

High

Low

High

Moderate

Despite its sustainability, which method might unexpectedly reduce agricultural yields in the short term due to changes in farming techniques?

  • Cover Cropping

  • Hydroponics

  • Crop Rotation

  • No-Till Farming

Did this page help you?

71 mark

Examine the data below and answer the question:

Method

Soil Health Impact

Water Usage

Biodiversity Effect

Initial Cost

Long-Term Sustainability

Climate Adaptation Potential

Crop Rotation

Improves

Moderate

Increases

Low

High

Moderate

Agroforestry

Improves

Moderate

High

High

High

High

Hydroponics

Neutral

Low

Low

Very High

Moderate

High

No-Till Farming

High

Low

Moderate

Moderate

High

High

Cover Cropping

High

Moderate

High

Low

High

Moderate

Which method is least likely to be widely adopted in developing countries due to its high technological and financial barriers?

  • Crop Rotation

  • Cover Cropping

  • No-Till Farming

  • Hydroponics

Did this page help you?

81 mark

Examine the data below and answer the question:

Method

Soil Health Impact

Water Usage

Biodiversity Effect

Initial Cost

Long-Term Sustainability

Climate Adaptation Potential

Crop Rotation

Improves

Moderate

Increases

Low

High

Moderate

Agroforestry

Improves

Moderate

High

High

High

High

Hydroponics

Neutral

Low

Low

Very High

Moderate

High

No-Till Farming

High

Low

Moderate

Moderate

High

High

Cover Cropping

High

Moderate

High

Low

High

Moderate

Which method is the most sustainable in the long run while also maintaining soil fertility?

  • Cover Cropping

  • Hydroponics

  • Agroforestry

  • No-Till Farming

Did this page help you?