Which of the following is a major environmental impact of urbanisation?
Increased groundwater recharge due to more water being available in cities
Reduced carbon emissions as cities are more energy-efficient than rural areas
Increased impervious surfaces leading to more runoff and flooding
Decreased resource consumption due to higher population density
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How does urbanisation contribute to the urban heat island (UHI) effect?
Increased vegetation in cities helps cool the environment through evapotranspiration.
High concentrations of buildings, roads, and pavement absorb and retain heat.
More bodies of water in cities regulate temperature and prevent overheating.
Urban areas experience stronger winds, which disperse heat more effectively.
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