Equilibrium Constants (College Board AP® Chemistry)

CH₃OH (g)      CO (g) + 2 H₂ (g)                    ∆H ° = 90.0 kJ / mol_rxn

Methanol vapor decomposes to form carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas at high temperatures in the presence of a platinum catalyst, as represented by the balanced chemical equation given.

Are the hydrogen atoms oxidized or are they reduced in the forward reaction? Justify your answer in terms of oxidation numbers.

In the following box, draw the complete Lewis electron-dot diagram for the carbon monoxide molecule in which every atom obeys the octet rule. Show all bonding and nonbonding valence electrons.

The values of the standard molar entropies of the compounds involved in the reaction are given in the following table.

i) Use the data in the table to calculate the value of the standard entropy change, ∆S°, in J/(K·mol_rxn), for the reaction.

ii) Calculate the value of ∆G°, in kJ/mol_rxn, for the reaction at 375 K. Assume that ∆H ° and ∆S° are independent of temperature.

The following particle-level diagram shows a representative sample of the equilibrium mixture represented by the equation given.

Use information from the particle diagram to calculate the partial pressure of CO at equilibrium when the total pressure of the equilibrium mixture is 12.0 atm.

Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, K_p, for the reaction.

CH₃OH(g)       CO(g) + 2 H₂ (g)

The reaction system represented by the equation is allowed to achieve equilibrium at a different temperature. The following table gives the partial pressure of each species in the equilibrium mixture.

Use the information in the table to calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, K_p, at the new temperature.

The volume of the container is rapidly doubled with no change in temperature. As equilibrium is re-established, does the number of moles of CH₃OH (g) increase, decrease, or remain the same? Justify your answer by comparing the value of the reaction quotient, Q, with the value of the equilibrium constant, K_p.

Answer the following questions relating to the chemistry of the halogens

The molecular formulas of diatomic bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine are written below. Circle the formula of the molecule that has the longest bond length. Justify your choice in terms of atomic structure.

Br₂                            Cl₂                            F₂                              I₂

A chemistry teacher wants to prepare Br₂ . The teacher has access to the following three reagents: NaBr(aq) , Cl₂(g) , and I₂(s).

Using the data in the table above, write the balanced equation for the thermodynamically favorable reaction that will produce Br₂ when the teacher combines two of the reagents. Justify that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable by calculating the value of E° for the reaction.

Br₂ and Cl₂ can react to form the compound BrCl .

The boiling point of Br₂ is 332 K, whereas the boiling point of BrCl is 278 K. Explain this difference in boiling point in terms of all the intermolecular forces present between molecules of each substance.

The compound BrCl can decompose into Br₂ and Cl₂ , as represented by the balanced chemical equation below.

2 BrCl(g)   Br₂(g) + Cl₂(g)               ΔH° = 1.6 kJ/mol_rxn

A 0.100 mole sample of pure BrCl(g) is placed in a previously evacuated, rigid 2.00 L container at 298 K. Eventually the system reaches equilibrium according to the equation above.

Calculate the pressure in the container before equilibrium is established.

Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, K_eq ,for the decomposition of BrCl.

After the system has reached equilibrium, 42 percent of the original BrCl sample has decomposed.

Determine the value of K_eq  for the decomposition reaction of BrCl at 298 K.

Calculate the bond energy of the Br-Cl bond, in kJ/mol, using ΔH° for the reaction (1.6 kJ/mol_rxn) and the information in the following table.