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AP®ChemistryCollege BoardExam QuestionsUnit 2: Compound Structure & PropertiesVSEPR & Hybridization

VSEPR & Hybridization (College Board AP® Chemistry): Exam Questions

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VSEPR & Hybridization

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1a1 mark

Hydrazine (N2H4) can be oxidized to form diimide (N2H2), a useful compound in organic synthesis. Hydrazine can also form a cationic species, hydrazinediium (N2H62+), which has an ethane-like structure.

Draw the Lewis structure of diimide (N2H2).

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1b1 mark

Predict the H–N–N bond angle in N2H2 and justify your answer using VSEPR theory.

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1c1 mark

Predict the H–N–H bond angle in hydrazinediium (N2H62+), explaining how the bonding affects the molecular shape.

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1d1 mark

Compare the H–N–H bond angles in hydrazine (N₂H₄) and hydrazinediium (N2H62+), justifying any differences based on electron-domain geometry.

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2a1 mark

Sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4) is a covalent molecule that contains a central sulfur atom bonded to four fluorine atoms.

Draw the Lewis diagram of SF4, showing all valence electrons.

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2b2 marks

i) State the molecular shape of SF4.

ii) Explain how the number of bonding and non-bonding electron pairs around sulfur determines this shape.

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2c1 mark

Predict whether SF4 has bond angles exactly equal to 120° and 90°, and explain your answer.

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3a1 mark

Ethene (C2H4) is an important organic molecule used in polymer production.

Draw the Lewis diagram of C2H4, showing all valence electrons.

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3b1 mark

Identify the hybridization of each carbon atom in C2H4.

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3c1 mark

Explain the difference between sigma and pi bonds, and identify which type of bonding occurs in the C=C double bond.

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3d1 mark

Predict the bond angles in C2H4 and justify your answer in terms of hybridization.

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1a1 mark

Formaldehyde (CH2O) is an important industrial compound commonly used as a preservative and in polymer production.

Determine the molecular geometry of formaldehyde (CH2O). Justify your answer.

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1b1 mark

Identify the number of sigma and pi bonds in formaldehyde.

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1c2 marks

Explain how the hybridization of the central carbon atom in formaldehyde influences the polarity of the molecule.

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2a1 mark

Dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) and ethanol (CH3CH2OH) have the same molecular formula (C2H6O) but exhibit different physical properties, such as boiling points.

Determine the hybridization of the oxygen atom in both dimethyl ether and ethanol.

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2b1 mark

Predict the molecular geometry around the oxygen atom in both molecules.

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2c2 marks

Explain why ethanol has a significantly higher boiling point than dimethyl ether, despite having the same molecular formula.

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3a1 mark

Phosphorus trifluoride (PF3) and boron trifluoride (BF3) are both trifluoride compounds, yet they have different molecular geometries and polarities.

Determine the hybridization of the central atom in PF3 and BF3.

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3b1 mark

Compare the bond angles in PF3 and BF3.

Explain why they are different.

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3c2 marks

Predict whether each molecule is polar or nonpolar. Justify your answer.

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