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AP®ChemistryCollege BoardExam QuestionsUnit 2: Compound Structure & PropertiesIonic Crystals & Metals

Ionic Crystals & Metals (College Board AP® Chemistry)

Exam Questions

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Ionic Crystals & Metals

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Ionic Crystals & Metals

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11 mark

The diagrams below are various models of metallic bonding.

Four models of particle arrangements.

Which models represent pure metals?

  • Models A and B

  • Models C and D

  • Models B and C

  • Models A and D

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21 mark

The diagrams below are various models of metallic bonding.

Four models of particle arrangements.

Which model represents a substitutional alloy, such as brass?

  • Model A

  • Model B

  • Models B and C

  • Model D

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31 mark

The diagrams below are various models of metallic bonding.

Four models of particle arrangements.

Which model represents an alloy that is less malleable, harder and has a higher melting point?

  • Model B

  • Models B and C

  • Model C

  • Model D

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41 mark

Which of the following conditions must be true for a substitutional alloy to form?

  • The two metals must have different atomic radii.

  • The two metals must have significantly different electronegativities.

  • The two metals must have similar atomic radii and chemical properties.

  • The two metals must be in the same group of the periodic table.

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51 mark

Which of the following statements explains why ionic solids tend to have high melting points?

  • The particles in ionic solids are small and vibrate easily.

  • The ions in the solid are arranged in a way that maximizes repulsion, leading to strong forces.

  • Ionic solids contain delocalized electrons that conduct heat.

  • Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions in a 3-D lattice require significant energy to overcome.

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61 mark

Which of the following compounds contains the anion that is the most polarised?

  • LiF

  • LiI

  • KF

  • KI

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11 mark

Considering the structure of ionic crystals, which of the following is incorrect?

  • The systematic arrangement maximizes the Coulombic forces of attraction between positive ions and the sea of delocalized electrons.

  • The systematic arrangement minimizes the Coulombic forces of repulsion between equally charged ions.

  • Ions are arranged in a close packed regular lattice of alternating charged ions.

  • The strength of the Coulombic forces between the ions is proportional to the magnitude of the charge of the ions.

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21 mark

Which of the following elements is most likely to form an interstitial alloy with iron?

  • tungsten

  • silver

  • potassium

  • boron

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31 mark

Piano strings are made from an alloy of iron and carbon, with a small amount of manganese, known as spring steel. The resulting steel-manganese alloy has an especially high tensile strength, allowing it to withstand high amounts of tension without breaking.

Which of the following diagrams best represents the structure of spring steel?

  • Spring steel option A
  • Spring steel option B
  • Spring steel option C
  • Spring steel option D

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41 mark

Which combination of factors would most significantly increase the melting point of an ionic crystal?

  • Decreased ion charge and increased ionic radius

  • Increased ion charge and decreased ionic radius

  • Uniform ion sizes and minimal charge differences

  • Maximized lattice symmetry without charge considerations

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51 mark

Which of the following statements explains why the interstitial alloy steel has different properties to pure iron?

  • Carbon atoms increase the density of the iron lattice.

  • Carbon atoms weaken the Coulombic forces in the lattice.

  • Carbon atoms occupy the spaces between iron atoms, strengthening the lattice.

  • Carbon atoms substitute for iron atoms, maintaining uniformity.

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61 mark

Which of the following statements explains why substitutional alloys like brass are malleable?

  • Substitutional alloys have free-moving delocalized electrons.

  • Substituting atoms prevent dislocation movement in the lattice.

  • Atoms in substitutional alloys are held together by weak van der Waals forces.

  • Substituting atoms maintain the metallic bonding’s sea of electrons.

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