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AP®BiologyCollege BoardExam QuestionsUnit 2: Cell Structure & FunctionCell Compartmentalization

Cell Compartmentalization (College Board AP® Biology)

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Cell Compartmentalization

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Cell Compartmentalization

1
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Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells have many similarities and differences. Which of the following best describes prokaryotes?

  • Prokaryotes contain many internal membrane bound organelles.

  • Prokaryotic cells have internal regions with specialized structures and functions.

  • The organelles of prokaryotic cells evolved from once free-living eukaryotic cells via endosymbiosis.

  • Prokaryotic cells contain organelles that were once free-living prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria.

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21 mark

Researchers investigated membrane-bound organelles using soft X-ray tomography (SXT)-a high-resolution, quantitative imaging technique-to measure cell size and organelle volumes in yeasts during different stages of the cell cycle. Their results are shown in Figure 1.

Bar chart showing surface area of organelles in diploid cells during mitosis, G2, S, and G1 phases, with a key for lipid bodies, vacuoles, mitochondria, and nucleus.
Figure 1. Comparison of surface area of membrane-bound cell organelles during the cell cycle

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data shown in Figure 1?

  • All stages of the cell cycle contain organelles of equal surface areas.

  • The nucleus has the largest surface area in all stages of the cell cycle.

  • Lipid bodies have the smallest surface area in all stages of the cell cycle.

  • Organelles with the largest surface area are present during mitosis.

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3
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Endosymbiotic theory dates back over 100 years. It explains organelles in eukaryotic cells that are thought to have evolved from bacteria through endosymbiosis. Which of the following best describes examples of endosymbiotic organelles?

  • Mitochondria, chloroplasts, flagella,

  • Mitochondria, nucleus and flagella

  • Chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus

  • Mitochondria and chloroplasts

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4
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Lipid metabolism is catalyzed by membrane-bound enzymes within cells of the liver metabolism

Scientists investigated the effects of Poria cocos mushroom extracts and protein powders on lipid metabolism in obese mice. Mice were fed different diets, and their lipid metabolism was recorded as triglyceride concentration (TG mol/L) concentration.

The results of the investigation are shown in Figure 1.

Bar chart showing triglyceride levels in mice groups: ND, HFD, FL, PM, F1PM, F2PM, F3PM. ND has lowest level, F2PM highest. Key provided below chart.
Figure 1. Mean triglyceride levels in mice on various diets

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data shown in Figure 1?

  • There is a significant difference in different diet types on mice lipid metabolism.

  • Diet type makes no difference to triglyceride concentration in obese mice .

  • A normal diet produces significantly lower triglyceride conceconcentrationsntration in obese mice.

  • There is no significant difference in diet type on lipid metabolism in obese mice.

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5
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Membrane-bound organelles help achieve compartmentalization within a cell. Which of the following is not a benefit of having membrane-bound organelles in cells?

  • Allowing the reactions within an organelle to be kept separate from the outside of the organelle.

  • Increasing the internal surface area for reactions.

  • Ensuring all reactions take place within the organelle.

  • Preventing lytic enzymes from catalysing reactions within the cytoplasm.

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