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Define questionnaire.
A questionnaire is a type of self-report which involves participants answering a range of questions designed to collect their thoughts, feelings, attitudes, attributes and opinions.
True or False?
Questionnaires are only used with small samples.
False.
A large-scale survey is a questionnaire which is distributed in large numbers to assess the extent to which people are, for example, likely to vote.
A major strength of questionnaires is that they are an easy and method of gathering data.
A major strength of questionnaires is that they are an easy and convenient method of gathering data.
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Define questionnaire.
A questionnaire is a type of self-report which involves participants answering a range of questions designed to collect their thoughts, feelings, attitudes, attributes and opinions.
True or False?
Questionnaires are only used with small samples.
False.
A large-scale survey is a questionnaire which is distributed in large numbers to assess the extent to which people are, for example, likely to vote.
A major strength of questionnaires is that they are an easy and method of gathering data.
A major strength of questionnaires is that they are an easy and convenient method of gathering data.
What type of bias do questionnaires tend to suffer from?
a) Confirmation bias
b) Researcher bias
c) Social desirability bias
c.
Questionnaires tend to suffer from social desirability bias.
Which one of the following is not a closed question?
a) How do you feel about global warming?
b) On a scale of 1-10 what is your concern over global warming?
c) Are you concerned about global warming? Yes or no
a.
How do you feel about global warming? is not a closed question.
Closed questions generate:
a) qualitative data
b) quantitative data
c) both qualitative and quantitative data
b.
Closed questions generate quantitative data.
Which one of the following is not an open question?
a) Have you ever shoplifted? Yes or no
b) Describe what it felt like when you regularly shoplifted
c) Explain what led to you shoplifting for the first time
a.
Have you ever shoplifted? Yes or no is not an open question.
As open questions generate qualitative data they can be analysed using:
a) content analysis
b) thematic analysis
c) both a and b
c.
As open questions generate qualitative data they can be analysed using content analysis and thematic analysis
A strength of closed questions is that they generate data which is easy to .
A strength of closed questions is that they generate quantitative data which is easy to analyse.
True or False?
A limitation of open questions is that they are difficult to analyse due to their subjective nature.
True.
A limitation of open questions is that they are difficult to analyse due to their subjective nature.
The researcher must interpret meaning and intention from them which could give rise to a lack of consistency and objectivity.
A strength of open questions is that they have:
a) reliability
b) explanatory power
c) objectivity
b.
A strength of open questions is that they have explanatory power.
Open questions may ask participants to expand on the answers they give, allowing the participant to fully explain what they mean or how they feel.
True or False?
Closed questions lack validity.
True.
Closed questions lack validity.
The quantitative data obtained from closed questions omits the detail and insight required to understand reasons and explanations.
Which of the following must a researcher consider when designing a questionnaire?
a) aim, audience, question construction
b) length, question construction, findings
c) aim, length, question construction
c.
Aim, length and question construction are what a researcher must consider when designing a questionnaire.
Likert scale questions allow the participant to express the of their with a statement.
Likert scale questions allow the participant to express the degree of their agreement with a statement.
One way to incorporate a lie scale on a questionnaire is to:
a) include similar questions that are re-worded versions of the original question
b) include leading questions
c) include double-barrelled questions
a.
One way to incorporate a lie scale on a questionnaire is to include similar questions that are re-worded versions of the original question.
Which of the following is a double-barrelled question?
a) Do you think that junk food should be banned from being advertised on TV?
b) How do you feel about your children eating junk food?
c) To what extent do you agree that junk food is bad for children and should be banned from being advertised on TV?
c.
To what extent do you agree that junk food is bad for children and should be banned from being advertised on TV? is an example of a double-barrelled question.
True or False?
Questions that include overly technical or jargonistic terms are likely to impress participants.
False.
Questions that include overly technical or jargonistic terms may lead to misunderstanding or participants not knowing how to answer.
How is an interview different to a questionnaire?
A questionnaire tends to be distributed to a group of people who fill it out on their own, whereas an interview is a one-to-one process conducted in real time (in person or remotely).
In a structured interview, the researcher:
a) lets the interview take its own course
b) uses pre-prepared questions
c) uses questions that the participant has requested
b.
In a structured interview, the researcher uses pre-prepared questions.
True or False?
Structured interviews may collect both quantitative and qualitative data.
False.
Structured interviews collect only quantitative data.
The use of questions in a structured interview means that the interview can be and used by different researchers.
The use of standardised questions in a structured interview means that the interview can be replicated and used by different researchers.
True or False?
Using a predetermined set of questions in a structured interview may be restrictive for both the interviewer and the participant.
True.
Using a predetermined set of questions in a structured interview may be restrictive for both the interviewer and the participant.
The participant may say something that should be explored further, but the format of the structured interview does not allow this.
What is an unstructured interview?
An unstructured interview involves no pre-prepared set of questions.
The interview is treated as a conversation, giving the participants as much freedom as they wish in their responses.
Unstructured interviews produce qualitative data only, which is why they are also known as:
a) narrative interviews
b) story interviews
c) expressive interviews
a.
Unstructured interviews produce qualitative data only, which is why they are also known as narrative interviews.
Unstructured interviews are high in validity as participants have complete to respond in any way they choose.
Unstructured interviews are high in ecological validity as participants have complete freedom to respond in any way they choose.
True or False?
Unstructured interviews lack reliability.
True.
Unstructured interviews lack reliability.
The free-flowing and unpredictable nature of unstructured interviews means that the entire process may become derailed, as they are difficult to control.
Which one of the following is not a feature of the interview schedule?
a) the nature and number of questions to be asked
b) the type of interview to use
c) who is to be interviewed
d) who is best to run the interview
c.
Who is to be interviewed is not a feature of the interview schedule.
Define reflexivity.
Reflexivity involves the researcher acknowledging their own role in the research, e.g., their experiences, assumptions and beliefs, which could bias the interview process.
Which one of the following is not a reliable way of recording the participant's responses?
a) Written notes
b) Trusting in their own memory of the interview
c) Use of a recording device such as a dictaphone or mobile phone
d) Use of video
b.
Trusting in their own memory of the interview is not a reliable way of recording the participant's responses.