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If a study is completed using a procedure and obtains the results, it can be said to be reliable.
If a study is completed using a standardised procedure and obtains the same results, it can be said to be reliable.
Which is the most reliable research method used in psychological research?
The lab experiment is the most reliable research used in psychological research.
Internal reliability is:
a) the extent to which a measure measure is consistent with itself
b) the extent to which a measure is consistent over time
c) the extent to which a measure is consistent across more than one assessor
a.
Internal reliability is the extent to which a measure is consistent with itself.
External reliability is the extent to which a measure is consistent over time.
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If a study is completed using a procedure and obtains the results, it can be said to be reliable.
If a study is completed using a standardised procedure and obtains the same results, it can be said to be reliable.
Which is the most reliable research method used in psychological research?
The lab experiment is the most reliable research used in psychological research.
Internal reliability is:
a) the extent to which a measure measure is consistent with itself
b) the extent to which a measure is consistent over time
c) the extent to which a measure is consistent across more than one assessor
a.
Internal reliability is the extent to which a measure is consistent with itself.
External reliability is the extent to which a measure is consistent over time.
True or False?
The test-retest method measures internal reliability.
False
The test-retest method measures external reliability.
The same participants are given the same test (e.g., lab procedure, questions) at separate time intervals.
The split- method measures reliability.
The split-half method measures internal reliability.
The researcher splits the test in half and analyses the responses to the first half of the questionnaire compared to the second half.
What is inter-observer reliability?
Inter-observer reliability is the level of consistency between two or more trained observers when they conduct the same observation.
To ensure inter-observer reliability, the observation is conducted separately by each observer to avoid:
a) obedience
b) conformity
c) resistance to social influence
b.
To ensure inter-observer reliability, the observation is conducted separately by each observer to avoid conformity.
One observer may be influenced by the other observers.
The reliability of observations can be improved by ensuring that the categories are .
The reliability of observations can be improved by ensuring that the behavioural categories are operationalised.
The reliability of lab experiments can be improved by ensuring that all aspects of the procedure are:
a) interesting for the participants
b) as like real-life as possible
c) controlled and standardised
c.
The reliability of lab experiments can be improved by ensuring that all aspects of the procedure are controlled and standardised.
The reliability of interviews can be improved by (select two):
a) using the same interviewer for each separate interview
b) asking the participant how they would like the interview to be structured
c) using friends of the researcher to help conduct the interviews
d) ensuring that leading questions are not used
a. and d.
The reliability of interviews can be improved by using the same interviewer for each separate interview and ensuring that leading questions are not used.
True or False?
There is no method for improving the reliability of questionnaires.
False.
The reliability of questionnaires can be improved by running the test-retest method and the split-half method.
What does validity refer to?
a) The extent to which a procedure is replicable
b) The extent to which the findings of a study can be analysed statistically
c) The extent to which the findings of a study are representative
c.
Validity refers to the extent to which the findings of a study are representative.
E.g., do the findings reflect how people actually behave in real life?
True or False?
Internal validity measures the extent to which the results are due to the independent variable rather than the influence of uncontrolled confounding variables.
True.
Internal validity measures the extent to which the results are due to the independent variable rather than the influence of uncontrolled confounding variables.
True or False?
Ecological validity is a type of internal validity.
False.
Ecological validity is a type of external validity.
Whose research has been criticised for its lack of temporal validity?
a) Asch
b) Harlow
c) Zimbardo
a.
Asch's research has been criticised for its lack of temporal validity.
Temporal validity measures the extent to which research findings are still relevant in the current age.
Assessing whether a test looks like it measures what it set out to measure is an example of:
a) concurrent validity
b) face validity
c) predictive validity
b.
Assessing whether a test looks like it measures what it set out to measure is an example of face validity.
Concurrent validity assesses how closely two different tests of the same behaviour with each other.
Concurrent validity assesses how closely two different tests of the same behaviour agree with each other.
Using a control group is one way to improve the validity of:
a) questionnaires
b) lab experiments
c) observations
d) correlations
b.
Using a control group is one way to improve the validity of lab experiments.
If participants try to guess the of a study this could give rise to characteristics.
If participants try to guess the aim of a study this could give rise to demand characteristics.
The validity of questionnaires can be improved by:
a) using leading questions
b) using open questions
c) using a lie scale
c.
The validity of questionnaires can be improved by using a lie scale.
This helps to show up inconsistencies in the responses.
True or False?
The validity of observations can be improved by using covert methods.
True.
The validity of observations can be improved by using covert methods.
Participants' behaviour is likely to be unforced and natural in a covert observation.