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What is the key assumption of the biological approach?
The biological approach assumes that all psychological behaviours have a biological root at their core.
E.g., to understand human behaviour, it is necessary to look at biological structures, functions and processes.
Which one of the following is not an example of a biological structure, function or process?
a) Hormones
b) Language
c) Neurotransmitters
d) Brain structure
b.
Language is not an example of a biological structure, function or process.
The genetic basis of behaviour investigates the extent to which behaviours are .
The genetic basis of behaviour investigates the extent to which behaviours are inherited.
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What is the key assumption of the biological approach?
The biological approach assumes that all psychological behaviours have a biological root at their core.
E.g., to understand human behaviour, it is necessary to look at biological structures, functions and processes.
Which one of the following is not an example of a biological structure, function or process?
a) Hormones
b) Language
c) Neurotransmitters
d) Brain structure
b.
Language is not an example of a biological structure, function or process.
The genetic basis of behaviour investigates the extent to which behaviours are .
The genetic basis of behaviour investigates the extent to which behaviours are inherited.
Twin studies compare concordance rates between:
a) monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins
b) monozygotic twins and non-twin siblings
c) monozygotic twins and adopted twins
a.
Twin studies compare concordance rates between monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins.
What do concordance rates measure?
Concordance rates measure the rate of agreement, the percent of cases where both members of a pair have a particular attribute.
What is a genotype?
Genotype refers to a person's particular set of genes that make up their DNA; it is made up of a combination of alleles that comprise a specific gene.
True or False?
Phenotype refers to the expression of the genotype.
True.
Phenotype refers to the expression of the genotype.
It is determined by prevailing external influences and comprises an individual's observable traits, e.g., hair colour, height, etc.
Environmental factors, such as nutrition or exposure to pollutants, can influence a person's .
Environmental factors, such as nutrition or exposure to pollutants, can influence a person's phenotype.
True or False?
It is not possible for monozygotic twins to have different phenotypes.
False.
Monozygotic twins will present different phenotypes depending on their upbringing, friendship groups, hobbies, careers etc.
The use of large samples means that twin studies are high in:
a) reliability
b) ecological validity
c) explanatory power
a.
The use of large samples means that twin studies are high in reliability.
A limitation of the biological approach is that of biological determinism. Define biological determinism.
The idea that all human behaviour is innate and determined by genes.
A strength of the biological approach is its contribution to the development of:
a) psychoanalytic therapy
b) artificial intelligence
c) drug therapies
c.
A strength of the biological approach is its contribution to the development of drug therapies such as SSRIs for the treatment of psychological disorders such as depression and OCD.
Name the two branches of the nervous system in humans.
The two branches of the nervous system in humans are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
The central nervous system is composed of the and the cord.
The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.
The endocrine system secretes:
a) neurotransmitters around the brain
b) hormones into the bloodstream from different glands
c) endogenous pacemakers as part of the sleep-wake cycle
b.
The endocrine system secretes hormones into the bloodstream from different glands.
The gland is the major endocrine gland.
The pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland.
It is known as the master gland.
Which one of the following is not a brain region/structure?
a) Cerebellum
b) Occipital lobe
c) Patella
d) Hypothalamus
The patella is not a brain region/structure.
True or False?
The prefrontal cortex is linked to executive functioning.
True.
The prefrontal cortex is linked to executive functioning, e.g., impulse control.
The evolutionary approach to explaining behaviour looks at how and why specific human have evolved via the process of selection.
The evolutionary approach to explaining behaviour looks at how and why specific human traits have evolved via the process of natural selection.
According to evolutionary theory, adaptive behaviours are those which increase the chances of (select two):
a) survival
b) reproductive success
c) happiness
d) wealth
e) beauty
a. and b.
Adaptive behaviours are those that increase the chances of survival and reproductive success.
This is why these behaviours are inherited through the generations, i.e., how we behave now is the product of causes rooted in the distant past.
Research into biological structures uses objective, clinical methods and measures, which means that they are high in:
a) ecological validity
b) temporal validity
c) reliability
c.
Research into biological structures uses objective, clinical methods and measures which means that they are high in reliability.
The results derived from using these measures can be checked for consistency across time and samples.
True or False?
Some behaviours that are not advantageous to a 21st-century person persist .
True.
Some behaviours that are not advantageous to a 21st-century person persist .
E.g., aggression is, on a practical level, unnecessary for most people, as we don't need to fight competitors for food or grapple with dangerous predators daily.