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Schaffer & Emerson (1964) studied attachment in infants and caregivers in:
a) London
b) Sheffield
c) Glasgow
c.
Schaffer & Emerson (1964) studied attachment in infants and caregivers in Glasgow.
What is meant by an observational study?
An observational study is research that involves observing (watching) the actual behaviours of participants; the behaviours are often scored.
True or False?
Schaffer & Emerson used a scale to measure secure and insecure attachment.
False.
Schaffer & Emerson used a scale to measure separation anxiety and stranger anxiety.
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Schaffer & Emerson (1964) studied attachment in infants and caregivers in:
a) London
b) Sheffield
c) Glasgow
c.
Schaffer & Emerson (1964) studied attachment in infants and caregivers in Glasgow.
What is meant by an observational study?
An observational study is research that involves observing (watching) the actual behaviours of participants; the behaviours are often scored.
True or False?
Schaffer & Emerson used a scale to measure secure and insecure attachment.
False.
Schaffer & Emerson used a scale to measure separation anxiety and stranger anxiety.
Which one of the following is not a stage of attachment as identified by Schaffer & Emerson?
a) Indiscriminate attachment
b) Multiple attachments
c) Primary attachment
d) Asocial stage
e) Specific attachment
c.
Primary attachment is not a stage of attachment as identified by Schaffer & Emerson.
In the indiscriminate attachment stage babies show a clear for being with humans instead of being with objects.
In the indiscriminate attachment stage babies show a clear preference for being with humans instead of being with inanimate objects.
True or False?
Specific attachment starts at around the age of 7 months.
True.
Specific attachment starts at around the age of 7 months.
Multiple attachments with other people such as fathers, grandparents, aunts, uncles etc. are known as:
a) primary attachments
b) secondary attachments
c) non-attachments
b.
Multiple attachments with other people such as fathers, grandparents, aunts, uncles etc. are known as secondary attachments.
Schaffer & Emerson's research is high in ecological validity because the observations were:
a) carried out by the parents in the child's home
b) carried out by researchers in a lab
c) carried out by the family doctor
a.
Schaffer & Emerson's research is high in ecological validity because the observations were carried out by the parents in the child's home.
The data collected by Schaffer & Emerson was from a sample as the families were all from a working-class population in Glasgow.
The data collected by Schaffer & Emerson was from a biased sample as the families were all from a working-class population in Glasgow.
Schaffer & Emerson's study was conducted in the 1960s which means that it lacks:
a) reliability
b) external validity
c) temporal validity
c.
Schaffer & Emerson's study was conducted in the 1960s which means that it lacks temporal validity.
Schaffer & Emerson (1964) found that the father was the primary attachment figure in:
a) 3% of families
b) 11% of families
c) 23% of families
a.
Schaffer & Emerson (1964) found that the father was the primary attachment figure in 3% of families.
True or False?
Biological evidence suggests that men are less receptive and sensitive to the needs of an infant.
True.
Biological evidence suggests that men are less receptive and sensitive to the needs of an infant.
Hormonal differences in men and women may contribute to the differences in nurturing behaviour from each caregiver.
Evidence suggest that when fathers take on the role of the primary attachment figure they become more:
a) aggressive and competitive
b) cold and calculating
c) nurturing and sensitive
c.
Evidence suggest that when fathers take on the role of the primary attachment figure they become more nurturing and sensitive.
It has been shown that how fathers with babies is related to the child's quality of attachment in adolescence.
It has been shown that how fathers play with babies is related to the child's quality of attachment in adolescence.
This suggests that fathers may play a different role in attachment from that of the mother.
One limitation of research into the role of the father is that it assumes that all relationships are:
a) heterosexual
b) homosexual
c) monogamous
a.
One limitation of research into the role of the father is that it assumes that all relationships are heterosexual.
This limits the usefulness of research into this topic as it does not fully represent the experience of many families today.
Research into the role of the father can be used to help parents make decisions about who is to be the primary caregiver. This is a strength as it shows good:
a) reliability
b) ethics
c) real-world application
c.
Research into the role of the father can be used to help parents make decisions about who is to be the primary caregiver. This is a strength as it shows good real-world application.
True or False?
It is relatively easy to research the role of the father.
False.
It is difficult to research the role of the father because many factors influence it e.g. work-life balance, age, health, and attitudes toward the father's gender roles, social roles of men and women.
Some studies have found that fathers tend to take on the role of the 'fun playmate', with mothers being more nurturing and affectionate. This is an example of:
a) ethnocentrism
b) alpha bias
c) beta bias
b.
Some studies have found that fathers tend to take on the role of the 'fun playmate', with mothers being more nurturing and affectionate. This is an example of alpha bias.
Alpha bias is over-emphasising differences between males and females.