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True or False?
Forgetting only occurs in short-term memory.
False.
Forgetting can occur in both short-term memory and long-term memory.
Proactive interference occurs when:
a) an older memory interferes with a newer memory
b) a newer memory interferes with an older memory
a.
Proactive interference occurs when an older memory interferes with a newer memory.
An example of proactive interference is:
a) not being able to remember the names of an old class as the names of the new class interfere with the information
b) not being able to remember the names of a new class as the names of the old class interfere with the information
b.
An example of proactive interference is not being able to remember the names of a new class as the names of the old class interfere with the information.
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True or False?
Forgetting only occurs in short-term memory.
False.
Forgetting can occur in both short-term memory and long-term memory.
Proactive interference occurs when:
a) an older memory interferes with a newer memory
b) a newer memory interferes with an older memory
a.
Proactive interference occurs when an older memory interferes with a newer memory.
An example of proactive interference is:
a) not being able to remember the names of an old class as the names of the new class interfere with the information
b) not being able to remember the names of a new class as the names of the old class interfere with the information
b.
An example of proactive interference is not being able to remember the names of a new class as the names of the old class interfere with the information.
Retroactive interference occurs when:
a) an older memory interferes with a newer memory
b) a newer memory interferes with an older memory
b.
Retroactive interference occurs when a newer memory interferes with an older memory.
An example of retroactive interference is:
a) not being able to remember the names of an old class as the names of the new class interfere with the information
b) not being able to remember the names of a new class as the names of the old class interfere with the information
a.
An example of retroactive interference is not being able to remember the names of an old class as the names of the new class interfere with the information.
True or False?
Baddeley & Hitch's study using rugby players lacks ecological validity.
False.
Baddeley & Hitch's study using rugby players is high in ecological validity.
Rugby players were asked to recall names of teams they had played against over one season, i.e. the study used real players and real rugby matches.
One limitation of research in this field is that interference can be , using hints or cues can help with remembering previously information.
One limitation of research in this field is that interference can be temporary, using hints or cues can help with remembering previously forgotten information.
Interference may explain why it is often more difficult to learn a language if a previous language has been learnt, which means that the theory has good:
a) external validity
b) temporal validity
c) ecological validity
a.
Interference may explain why it is often more difficult to learn a language if a previous language has been learnt, which means that the theory has good external validity.
What is meant by a cue?
A cue is a hint or trigger that can help retrieve a memory.
If there are not enough cues, a person may forget certain memories, which is known as .
If there are not enough cues, a person may forget certain memories, which is known as retrieval failure.
What is meant by the encoding specificity principle?
The encoding specificity principle states that if a cue is to be helpful in remembering information, then it must be present during encoding and during retrieval.
Context-dependent forgetting occurs when:
a) recall depends on an internal cue
b) recall depends on an external cue
c) recall depends on neither external nor internal cues
b.
Context-dependent forgetting occurs when recall depends on an external cue.
State-dependent forgetting occurs when:
a) recall depends on an internal cue
b) recall depends on an external cue
c) recall depends on neither external nor internal cues
a.
State-dependent forgetting occurs when recall depends on an internal cue.
True or False?
A strength of context-dependent forgetting is that it is supported by research.
True.
A strength of context-dependent forgetting is that it is supported by research.
Godden & Baddeley's study of divers showed that words learned underwater were better recalled underwater, and words learned on land were better recalled on land (meaning that context was key to the recall).
Goodwin et al.'s (1969) research into state-dependent forgetting is ethically compromised as the participants in one condition were required to get:
a) naked
b) electrocuted
c) drunk
Goodwin et al.'s (1969) research into state-dependent forgetting is ethically compromised as the participants in one condition were required to get drunk.
One strength of cue and context-dependent forgetting is that it has:
a) real-world application
b) qualitative data
c) implications for the economy
a.
One strength of cue and context-dependent forgetting is that it has real-world application, e.g. studying for exams should be conducted in the same room in which the exam is to take place to aid recall.