Using a Laser or Light Source (OCR A Level Physics)

Using a Laser or Light Source

• A laser or light source is used to investigate characteristics of light such as interference and diffraction

• A laser is preferred to a lamp since they produce coherent, monochromatic light

  • This produces a sharper and brighter interference pattern

• The contrast between the bright and dark fringes is much easier to see in laser light, compared to a lamp with a low intensity that emits light of all wavelengths

• In experiments such as Young's double-slit experiment, it is important to be able to see the fringes clearly to determine the fringe width

  • If these were not clear, there will be a large error in the measurement of the fringe widths

Single slit diffraction of a laser producing an interference pattern on the screen

Safety Issues with Lasers

• Lasers produce a very high energy beam of light

• This intense beam can cause permanent eye damage or even blindness

• In schools, only class 2 lasers are allowed - these are lasers with a power output of less than 1 mW

  • However, more powerful lasers can reach outputs of more than 500 mW

  • These are known as class 4 lasers. They are so powerful they can make a person instantly blind and can even damage the skin

The four classes of laser: In a school laboratory, only Class 2 lasers may be used

Precautions with Lasers

• It's important to use lasers safely and follow the guidelines in all practicals:

  • Never look directly at a laser or its reflection

  • Don’t shine the laser towards a person

  • Don't allow a laser beam to reflect from shiny surfaces into someone else's eyes

  • Wear laser safety goggles

  • Place a ‘laser on’ warning light outside the room

  • Stand behind the laser

Placing a laser warning sign outside of the door is one precaution that can be taken when using lasers