Syllabus Edition

First teaching 2023

First exams 2025

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Linear Momentum & its Conservation (CIE A Level Physics)

Exam Questions

3 hours44 questions
1
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1 mark

What is the principle of conservation of momentum?

  • force is equal to the rate of change of momentum

  • momentum is the product of mass and velocity

  • the total momentum of two bodies after collision is equal to their total momentum before collision

  • the total momentum of a system remains constant provided no external force acts on it

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2
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The graph shows how the momentum of a motorcycle changes with time.

cie-ial-images114png

What is the resultant force on the motorcycle?

  • 50 N

  • 500 N

  • 2500 N

  • 5000 N

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3
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Two bodies travelling in a straight line collide in a perfectly elastic collision. Which of the following statements must be correct?

  • the initial speed of one body will be the same as the final speed of the other body

  • the relative speed of approach between the two bodies equals their relative speed of separation

  • the total momentum is conserved but the total kinetic energy will be reduced

  • one of the bodies will be stationary at one instant

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4
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Which row correctly states whether momentum and kinetic energy are conserved in an inelastic collision in which there are no external forces?

 

Momentum

Kinetic energy

A

B

C

D

conserved

not conserved

conserved

not conserved

conserved

conserved

not conserved

not conserved

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    5
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    1 mark

    Which quantity has the same base units as momentum?

    • density × volume × velocity

    • density × energy

    • pressure × area

    • weight ÷ area

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    6
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    Which of the following is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum?

    • in an elastic collision momentum is constant

    • momentum is the product of mass and velocity

    • the force acting on a body is proportional to its rate of change of momentum

    • the momentum of an isolated system is constant

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    7
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    Two similar spheres, each of mass m and travelling with speed v, are moving towards each other

    cie-ial-images115png

    The spheres have a head-on elastic collision

    Which statement is correct?

    • the spheres stick together on impact

    • the total kinetic energy after impact is m v squared

    • the total kinetic energy before impact is zero

    • the total momentum before impact is 2mv

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    8
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    1 mark

    Trolley X, moving along a horizontal frictionless track, collides with a stationary trolley Y. The two trolleys become attached and move off together.

    Which statement about this interaction is correct?

    • some of the kinetic energy of trolley X is changed to momentum in the collision

    • some of the momentum of trolley X is changed to kinetic energy in the collision

    • trolley X loses some of its momentum as heat in the collision

    • trolley X shares its momentum with trolley Y but some of its kinetic energy is lost

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    9
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    A car accelerates from rest. The graph shows the momentum of the car plotted against time.

    cie-ial-images116png

    What is the meaning of the gradient of the graph at a particular time?

    • the velocity of the car

    • the resultant force on the car

    • the kinetic energy of the car

    • the rate of change of kinetic energy of the car

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    10
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    1 mark

    Which statement about a ball that strikes a tennis racket and rebounds is always correct?

    • total kinetic energy of the ball is conserved

    • total kinetic energy of the system is conserved

    • total momentum of the ball is conserved

    • total momentum of the system is conserved

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    1
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    1 mark

    A tennis ball of mass 60 g is struck by a tennis racket. The velocity of the ball changes as shown

    cie-ial-images118png

    What is the magnitude of the change in momentum of the ball?

    • 1.2 × 103 kg space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    • 4.8 × 103 kg space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    • 1.2 kg space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    • 4.8 kg space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

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    2
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    1 mark

    Two spheres approach each other along the same straight line. Their speeds are u subscript 1 and u subscript 2before collision, and v subscript 1and v subscript 2 after collision, in the directions shown below

    cie-ial-images119png

    Which equation is correct if the collision is perfectly elastic?

    • u1 – u2 = v2 + v1

    • u1 – u2 = v2 – v1

    • u1 + u2 = v2 – v1

    • u1 + u2 = v2 + v1

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    3
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    A lorry of mass 18 tones is travelling at 25.0 m space s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    cie-ial-images120png
    A car of mass 800 kg is travelling at 40.0 m space s to the power of negative 1 end exponent towards the lorry.

    What is the magnitude of the total momentum?

    • 282 kN s

    • 418 kN s

    • 482 kN s

    • 1222 kN s

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    4
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    1 mark

    The diagram shows the masses and velocities of two trolleys about to collide

    cie-ial-images121png

    After the impact they move off together

    What is the total kinetic energy of the trolleys after the collision?

    • 6.0 J

    • 3.7 J

    • 0.35 J

    • 0.02 J

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    5
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    The diagram shows a cannon ball fired from a cannon

    The mass of the cannon is 1600 kg and the mass of the cannon ball is 20 kg

    cie-ial-images123png

    The recoil velocity of the cannon is 5 straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponenthorizontally

     What is the horizontal velocity of the cannon ball?

    • 100 straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    • 320 straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    • 400 straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    • 8000 straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent 

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    6
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    A ball of mass 2 kg travelling at ½ straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent  strikes a ball of mass 3 kg travelling at  straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent.  Both balls are moving along the same straight line as shown

    cie-ial-images124png

    After collision, both balls move at the same velocity v

    What is the magnitude of the velocity v?

    • 1 fifth space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    • 2 over 5 space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    • 3 over 2 space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

    • 5 over 2 space straight m space straight s to the power of negative 1 end exponent

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    7
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    A molecule of mass m travelling at speed v hits a wall in a direction perpendicular to the wall. The collision is elastic.

    What are the changes in the momentum and in the kinetic energy of the molecule caused by the collision?

     

    Change in momentum

    Change in kinetic energy

    A

    B

    C

    D

    0

    mv

    mv2

    2mv

    0

    mv2

    0

    0

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      8
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      A moving object strikes a stationary object. The collision is inelastic. The objects move off together.

      Which row shows the possible values of total momentum and total kinetic energy for the system before and after the collision?

       

      Total momentum before collision / kg m s–1

      Total momentum after collision / kg m s–1

      Total kinetic energy before collision / J

      Total kinetic energy after collision / J

      A

      B

      C

      D

      6

      6

      6

      6

      6

      6

      2

      6

      90

      30

      90

      90

      30

      90

      30

      90

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        9
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        A resultant force of 5 N acts on a body for a time of 4.0 s

        Which graph could show the variation with time t of the momentum p of the body?

        cie-ial-physics-mcq-3-2-q19

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          10
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          Two train carriages each of mass 7500 kg roll toward one another on a level track. One is travelling at 3.00 m s−1 and the other at 1.50 m s−1 as shown.

          cie-ial-images126png

          They collide and join together.

          What is the kinetic energy lost during the collision?

          • 4200 J

          • 7500 J

          • 11 250 J

          • 38 000 J

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          11
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          A fully fuelled rocket travels at 13 m s−1. The rocket engines are fired, and all the fuel is used. The rocket now travels at 16.9 m s−1 in the same direction. The mass of the rocket without fuel is 1000 kg. 

          What is the mass of the fuel?

          • 1.3 kg

          • 300 kg

          • 1000 kg

          • 1300 kg

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          12
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          1 mark

          Trolleys A and B have a mass of 5000 kg each. Trolley A travels towards Trolley B. Trolley B travels at 2 ms−1 in the opposite direction. The trolleys collide and join together with a combined kinetic energy of 1250 J. What was the velocity of Trolley A before the collision?

          cie-3-3-mcq-q2-trolleys

          • −1 m s−1

          • 3 m s−1

          • 3.41 m s−1

          • 4 m s−1

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          13
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          Two billiard balls of identical mass collide. The first ball hits the second with a speed of 30 m s−1 at an angle of 45o to the direction that the second ball moves in after the collision, v.  At what speed does the second ball move after the collision?

          cie-3-3-m-mcq-med-qu3

          • 21.2 m s−1

          • 25.5 m s−1

          •  30 m s−1

          • 38.9 m s−1

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          1
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          1 mark

          A wooden block is freely supported on brackets at a height of 4.0 m above the ground, as shown

          cie-ial-images128png

          A bullet of mass 10.0 g is shot vertically upwards into the wooden block of mass 150 g. It embeds itself in the block. The impact causes the block to rise above its supporting brackets.

           The bullet hits the block with a velocity of 200 m s–1. How far above the ground will the block be at the maximum height of its path?

          • 8.0 m

          • 10.0 m

          • 12.0 m

          • 14.0 m

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          2
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          Two railway trucks of masses m and 5 m move towards each other in opposite directions with speeds 3 u and u respectively. These trucks collide and stick together.

           What is the speed of the trucks after the collision?

          • u over 6

          • fraction numerator 3 u over denominator 6 end fraction

          • u over 3

          • fraction numerator 5 u over denominator 3 end fraction

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          3
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          1 mark

          Sand falls vertically on a conveyor belt at a rate of m kg s–1

          cie-ial-images131png

          In order to keep the belt moving at constant speed v, the horizontal force that must be exerted is equal to 

          • mv

          • ½ mv

          • mv2

          • ½ mv2

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          4
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          1 mark

          A stationary body explodes into two components of masses m and 3 m.

          The components gain kinetic energies X and Y respectively.

          cie-ial-images132png

          What is the value of the ratio straight x over straight y ?

          • 6 over 1

          • 3 over 1

          • 1 third

          • 1 over 6

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          5
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          1 mark

          A lead pellet of mass 20.0 g is shot horizontally into a stationary wooden block of mass 80.0 g. The pellet hits the block with an impact velocity of 250 m s–1. It embeds itself in the block and it does not emerge.

          cie-ial-images133png

          After the impact, the block and the pellet continue to move for 8.4 s, how far do they travel in this time?

          • 175 m 

          • 210 m

          • 260 m

          • 525 m

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          6
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          1 mark

          A stationary nucleus has nucleon number A.

          The nucleus decays by emitting a proton with speed v to form a new nucleus with speed u. The new nucleus and the proton move away from one another in opposite directions.

          Which equation gives  in terms of A and u?

          • v equals open parentheses A over 4 minus 1 close parentheses space u

          • v equals open parentheses A minus 1 close parentheses space u

          • v equals A u

          • v equals open parentheses A plus 1 close parentheses space u

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          7
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          A particle X has speed v and collides with a stationary identical particle Y. The collision is perfectly elastic.

           What are the speed and direction of motion of each of the two particles after the collision?

           

           

          X

          Y

          A

          stationary

          v to the right

          B

          v over 2  to the right

            v over 2 to the right

          C

          v over 2  to the left

          v over 2  to the right

          D

          v to the left

          stationary

           

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            8
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            The diagram shows two spherical masses approaching each other head-on at an equal speed u. One is of mass m and the other of mass 2 m.

            cie-ial-images137png

            Which diagram, showing the situation after the collision, is not consistent with the principle of conservation of momentum?

            cie-ial-physics-mcq-3-2-q28-diagram-2

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              9
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              1 mark

              An ice-hockey puck slides along a horizontal, frictionless ice-rink surface. It collides inelastically with a wall at right angles to its path, and then rebounds along its original path.

              Which graph shows the variation with time t of the momentum p of the puck?

              cie-ial-physics-mcq-3-2-q29

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                10
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                1 mark

                A body, initially at rest, explodes into two masses M1 and M2 that move apart with speeds v1 and v2 respectively.

                 What is the ratio  v subscript 1 over v subscript 2 ?

                • M subscript 2 over M subscript 1

                • M subscript 1 over M subscript 2

                • square root of M subscript 2 over M subscript 1 end root

                • square root of M subscript 1 over M subscript 2 end root

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