Mass & Weight (CIE A Level Physics)

• Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object
• Consequently, this is the property of an object that resists change in motion
• The greater the mass of a body, the smaller the change produced by an applied force
• The SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg)

• Weight is the effect of a gravitational field on a mass
• Since it is a force on an object due to the pull of gravity, it is measured in newtons (N) and is a vector quantity
• The weight of a body is equal to the product of its mass (m) and the acceleration of free fall (g)

• g is the acceleration due to gravity or the gravitational field strength
• On Earth, this is 9.81 m s⁻² (or N kg⁻¹)

Free Fall

• An object in free fall is falling solely under the influence of gravity
• On Earth, all free-falling objects accelerate towards Earth at a rate of 9.81 m s⁻²
• In the absence of air resistance, all bodies near the Earth fall with the same acceleration regardless of their mass

Mass v Weight

• An object’s mass always remains the same, however, its weight will differ depending on the strength of the gravitational field on different planets
• For example, the gravitational field strength on the Moon is 1.63 N kg^-1, meaning an object’s weight will be about 6 times less than on Earth

On the moon, your mass will stay the same but your weight will be much lower

• Although you only need to memorise g on Earth, its value on other planets in our solar system is given in the diagram below. Notice how much this varies according to the size of the planet

Gravitational field strength of the planets in our solar system