A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the volume, V, and pressure, p, of an ideal gas. The temperature of the gas is kept constant throughout the experiment.
Which graph shows the correct relationship between the volume and pressure of the gas?
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Which of the following statements relating to temperature scales is incorrect ?
A temperature in Kelvin can never be negative
A fixed temperature will have a greater value on the Kelvin temperature scale than Celsius temperature scale
A change in temperature of 1 K is equal to a change in temperature of 1°C
Absolute zero has a value of –273.15 on the Kelvin scale
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A student is investigating the pressure law.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
The volume of the gas needs to remain constant throughout the experiment
The mass of the gas must remain constant throughout the experiment
The pressure of the gas will be inversely proportional to the volume of the gas
A value for absolute zero can be obtained from the results
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Which of the following equations for the number of moles, n, is incorrect ?
n = 
n = 
n = 
n = 
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The gas law equation can be expressed as
pV = NkT
What does the symbol N represent in the above equation?
The number of moles of the gas
The number of molecules in the gas
The Avogadro constant
The number of atoms which make up one molecule of the gas
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A fixed mass of an ideal gas is initially at an absolute temperature, T and occupies a volume, V.
The gas is adjusted so that the final pressure of the gas is half the magnitude of the initial pressure.
Which row of the table below, A to D, gives the correct expressions for the final volume and temperature of the gas?
| Final volume of the gas | Final temperature of the gas |
A | 4V | 2T |
B | 2V |
|
C |
| 4T |
D |
|
|
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The graphs, A to D, show the variation of pV (pressure multiplied by volume) with θ (temperature) for one mole of two different gases, nitrogen and chlorine, where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas and θ is the temperature in °C.
Which graph shows the correct variation of pV with θ for 1 mole of each gas?
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Two samples, X and Y of the same gas exert the same pressure on their containers.
Sample X is at a temperature of 2 °C and contains 1022 molecules per unit volume. Sample Y is 77 °C.
What is the number of molecules per unit volume in Y?
2.6 × 1020
2.6 × 1021
7.9 × 1020
7.9 × 1021
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A gas cylinder contains 5.0 kg of gas at a pressure of 10 times the atmospheric air pressure.
If the lid on the top of the container is opened, what is the total mass of gas which can escape?
0.50 kg
0.75 kg
3.25 kg
4.5 kg
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A fish swimming in the sea at a depth of 25.0 m expels an air bubble. At this depth the temperature of the water is 9.0 °C and the pressure is three times the pressure at the surface. The bubble rises to the surface where the temperature is 24.0 °C.
What is the percentage change in the volume of the air bubble as it rises to the surface from a depth of 25.0 m?
31.6 %
46.2 %
116 %
216 %
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The graph shows the variation of pressure p with temperature θ for a fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant volume.
What is the gradient of the graph?
0.27
0.48
2.1
2.8
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A capillary tube has an internal diameter of 0.4 mm and is closed at one end. It contains a sample of gas enclosed by a mercury thread which is 50 mm long. Mercury has a density of 5.43 g cm–3.
On a day when the atmospheric air pressure is 1.01 × 105 Pa, the length of the sample of trapped gas is 56.0 mm when the capillary tube is in the horizontal position.
What is the length of the air column when the tube is turned to the vertical position as shown in the diagram below?
You can assume that the temperature remains constant and that the length of the mercury thread does not change when the capillary tube is moved into the vertical position.
52.6 mm
54.4 mm
56.0 mm
57.7 mm
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A mass of 2.50 × 10–3 kg of oxygen is split between two gas bottles, Q and R, which are connected by a tube that has negligible volume compared with the volume of each bottle.
Initially the valve S is closed.
Gas bottle Q has a volume 3V and contains oxygen at a pressure of p.
Gas bottle R has a volume V and contains oxygen at a pressure of 2p.
Q and R are both initially at the same temperature.
S is now opened. Assuming that there is no change in temperature, what is the new gas pressure?
p
p
p
p
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A pupil carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the volume of an ideal gas and its temperature. The pressure of the gas is kept constant throughout the experiment. Two of their results are shown in the table below.
Temperature / °C | Volume of gas / cm3 |
0 | 55 |
100 | 76 |
What value for absolute zero can be calculated from these results?
–262 °C
–271 °C
–285 °C
–300 °C
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