Newton’s First Law (AQA A Level Physics)
Revision Note
Newton's First Law
Newton's laws of motion describe the relationship between the forces acting on objects and the motion of the objects
Newton's First Law states:
An object will remain at rest or move with constant velocity unless acted on by a resultant force
This means that:
An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a resultant force
An object moving with a constant velocity will remain moving at that constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant force
A resultant force is required to change the motion of an object
To speed up
To slow down
To change direction
If the forces on a body are balanced (the resultant force is 0), the body must be:
At rest
Moving at a constant velocity
Since force is a vector, it is easier to split the forces into horizontal and vertical components
If the forces are balanced:
The forces acting to the left = the forces acting to the right
The forces acting upward = the forces acting downward
The resultant force is the vector sum of all the forces acting on the body
Worked Example
If there are no external forces acting on the car, other than friction, and it is moving at a constant velocity, what is the value of the frictional force F?
Answer:
Examiner Tips and Tricks
You may sometimes see Newton's first law written as:
A body will remain at rest or move with constant velocity unless acted on by a resultant force
Don't let the terminology confuse you. A 'body' is just an object.
Newton's first law of motion was revolutionary in its time because the widely held belief was that any moving object would naturally slow down to a stop. The idea that an object can be in motion with no resultant force acting on it is still a common misconception, almost 400 years later!
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