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True or False?
HDEs have ecological footprints that are about 2 times larger than LDE cities of similar sizes.
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True or False?
HDEs have ecological footprints that are about 2 times larger than LDE cities of similar sizes.
False.
HDEs have ecological footprints that are about 10 times larger than LDE cities of similar sizes.
Define ecological footprint.
Ecological footprint is the area of land needed to provide the necessary resources and absorb the wastes generated by a community.
True or False?
Urban areas have lower ecological footprints compared to rural areas.
False.
Urban areas have higher ecological footprints compared to rural areas.
True or False?
The greatest concern for LDEs is the state of air quality, noise, and congestion.
True.
The greatest concern for LDEs is the state of air quality, noise, and congestion as industrial development increases.
True or False?
The ecological footprint of the Tokyo metropolitan area is smaller than the total land area of Japan.
False.
The ecological footprint of the Tokyo metropolitan area is almost 3 times the total land area of Japan.
What is the impact of transport on the ecological footprint of urban areas?
The impact of transport on the ecological footprint of urban areas is that large numbers of vehicles and public transport use a large amount of fossil fuels, emitting waste gases and particulates.
How does the construction of buildings affect the ecological footprint of urban areas?
Construction of buildings affects the ecological footprint of urban areas by requiring materials for development, which places a strain on the Earth, especially in EMEs and with the expansion of high-rise buildings in HDEs.
True or False?
HDEs have ecological footprints that are about 2 times larger than LDE cities of similar sizes.
False.
HDEs have ecological footprints that are about 10 times larger than LDE cities of similar sizes.
What percentage of the global population is expected to live in urban areas by 2050?
Nearly 70% of the global population is expected to live in urban areas by 2050.
True or False?
Urban areas have no potential to increase energy efficiency and sustainability.
False.
Urban areas have the potential to increase energy efficiency and the sustainability of society as a whole.
Define urban hot spots.
Urban hot spots are areas considered to be the centres of production, consumption, and waste generation.
What is the main concern for EMEs regarding environmental impact?
The main concern for EMEs is the increase in consumption (which increases waste) and traffic.
Define liveability.
Liveability is the degree to which a place provides a suitable or good space to live in.
True or False?
The liveability of a place has no impact on property values.
False.
Popular areas to live and work in (high liveability) tend to have higher property values and business activity.
Define sustainability.
Sustainability is the ability to meet the needs of today without compromising the needs of tomorrow.
What are the four dimensions of urban sustainability?
The four dimensions of urban sustainability are physical and natural, economic, social, and political and governance.
What does economic sustainability mean?
Economic sustainability means that the economy should be for the common good, be self-renewing, build local value and self-reliance.
True or False?
Urban sustainability is easily achievable with current technologies and practices.
False.
The concept of true sustainability is not possible at present, but good planning and management contributes towards that goal.
What is social sustainability?
Social sustainability refers to the opportunity for full participation in all activities and benefits of a society.
Define carbon neutral.
Carbon neutrality refers to achieving net zero carbon dioxide emissions by balancing carbon emissions with carbon removal or simply eliminating carbon emissions altogether.
What does the term upcycling mean?
Upcycling is the process of transforming by-products, waste materials, or unwanted products into new materials or products of better quality or environmental value.
Define political and governance sustainability.
Political and governance sustainability involves inclusion and consultation in decision-making of the city, clear leadership and management, and open and transparent government.
What is green architecture?
Green architecture is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life cycle.
Define compact cities.
Compact cities are urban areas designed to increase residential density and centralisation, reduce energy consumption and pollution, and encourage social interaction.
What is a carbon-neutral development?
A carbon-neutral development is a building or community that generates as much energy as it uses, resulting in net zero carbon emissions.
True or False?
Inward investments are less likely in sustainable cities.
False.
Inward investments are more likely in sustainable cities due to higher benefits.
What is the 20-minute neighbourhood concept?
The 20-minute neighbourhood concept is the idea that no resident should need to travel more than 20 minutes from work, shops, business services, education or leisure facilities.
What are sponge cities?
Sponge cities are urban areas designed with open spaces that can soak up floodwater and prevent damage in an ecologically friendly way.
True or False?
Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are closed underground systems.
False.
Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are open spaces within cities that can soak up floodwater and prevent damage in an ecologically friendly way.
How can cities improve urban waste disposal?
Cities can improve urban waste disposal by expanding recycling facilities, converting to incineration with energy recovery, and encouraging people to compost green waste.
True or False?
Forward planning in sustainable cities includes building with north-facing windows.
False.
Forward planning in sustainable cities includes building with south-facing windows, not north-facing windows.
Define urban farming.
Urban farming is about using rooftop spaces and vertical gardens to improve air quality, reduce runoff, support local food production, and reduce agricultural supply chain impact.