Urban Social & Economic Issues (AQA A Level Geography)

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  • True or False?

    All cities are culturally, economically and socially equal.

    False.

    All cities are culturally, economically and socially unequal.

  • Define the term multiculturalism.

    Multiculturalism is the notion that society as a whole benefits from increased diversity through the happy coexistence of different cultures.

  • What does economic inequality mean?

    Economic inequality means the unequal distribution of money within a society or urban area.

  • State the meaning of social segregation.

    Social segregation is the spreading of different social groups across an urban landscape, often categorised into distinct groups.

  • What is a ghetto?

    A ghetto is an area of a city where a particular ethnic or cultural group is concentrated, often due to social, economic, or legal pressure.

  • Define cultural diversity.

    Cultural diversity is the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

  • True or False?

    Economic migrants always cause resentment and racial intolerance.

    False.

    While economic migrants can sometimes cause resentment, they also meet labour shortages and contribute to the economy.

  • What does social housing mean?

    Social housing refers to housing provided for people on low incomes or with particular needs by government agencies or non-profit organisations.

  • What is ethnic segregation?

    Ethnic segregation is the separation of different ethnic groups in daily life, such as in housing, education, or social interactions.

  • True or False?

    Gender inequality only affects women in the workplace.

    False.

     Gender inequality can affect women in various aspects of life, including education, healthcare, and cultural traditions.

  • Define social polarisation.

    Social polarisation is the widening gap between different social groups in terms of income, lifestyle, and opportunities.

  • What are self-help schemes?

    Self-help schemes are government programmes that provide basic resources like water and electricity, allowing families to build their own houses from the provided materials.

  • True or False?

    Sports always lead to increased cultural tensions.

    False.

    Sports can provide shared spaces where equality between participants is shown, promoting cultural integration.

  • What does social integration mean?

    Social integration is the process of minority groups being accepted into the dominant culture of a society.

  • Define accessible housing.

    Accessible housing is housing designed to accommodate people with disabilities or special needs.

  • What are upgrading programmes for slum settlements?

    Upgrading programmes for slum settlements are initiatives to improve living conditions in informal urban areas through infrastructure development and service provision.

  • True or False?

    Minimum wages always solve economic inequalities.

    False.

    While minimum wages can help balance wage inequalities, they need to be a living wage to be truly effective.

  • What does cultural assimilation mean?

    Cultural assimilation is the process by which a minority group gradually adapts to the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture.

  • True or False?

    Improving transport systems has no effect on urban poverty.

    False.

    Improving transport systems can make access to jobs easier for the urban poor, potentially reducing poverty.

  • What does social cohesion mean?

    Social cohesion refers to the strength of relationships and a sense of solidarity among members of a community or society.