True or False?
Early urban areas were established primarily for access to entertainment and leisure activities.
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True or False?
Early urban areas were established primarily for access to entertainment and leisure activities.
False.
Early urban areas were established primarily for access to natural resources, fertile soil, and defensible positions.
Define the term urban form.
Urban form is the physical characteristics of a city, including its size, shape, population density, and land-use patterns.
What does topography mean in the context of urban form?
Topography refers to the physical features of an area that influence the growth of cities, such as steep slopes or flat plains.
What does the term infrastructure mean?
Infrastructure means the physical and organisational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, including transportation networks, utilities, and communication systems.
What is urban sprawl?
Urban sprawl is the expansion of human populations away from central urban areas into low-density, monofunctional and usually car-dependent communities.
True or False?
HDE megacities typically have higher land values in the city centre compared to the outskirts.
True.
HDE megacities typically have higher land values in the city centre that decrease with distance from the centre.
Define urban intensification.
Urban intensification is the process of increasing the density of people, dwellings, or activities within an existing urban area, often through high-rise buildings.
What is an automotive bias in urban form?
Automotive bias is the tendency for urban areas to be designed and developed primarily around the use of cars, trucks and roads.
Define segregation in the context of urban areas.
Segregation in urban areas is the separation of different groups within a city, often based on factors such as race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.
What is the socialist city model?
The socialist city model is an urban form based on a classless ideology where everyone lives in similar housing regardless of location, wealth, and employment, with a politically dominant CBD and homogeneous blocks of high-rise flats.
What is land use in an urban context?
Land use in an urban context refers to the function or main activities of different areas within a city, such as industrial, financial, residential, or leisure.
Define the term urban mosaic.
An urban mosaic is the pattern created in cities where similar activities and types of people tend to gather together, forming a diverse patchwork of different areas.
What is Burgess's concentric zone model?
Burgess's concentric zone model suggests that cities develop and grow outward in concentric zones, with the CBD at the centre and residential areas improving in quality as distance from the centre increases.
True or False?
Hoyt's sector model completely disregards the importance of the CBD.
False.
In Hoyt's sector model, business activity is still centred within the CBD, but other zones develop in sectors or wedges radiating out from the centre.
What does the multi-nuclei model propose about urban development?
The multi-nuclei model proposes that cities do not develop around a single centre but around several important focal points.
Define the bid-rent theory.
The bid-rent theory is a geographical economic theory that explains how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the CBD increases.
What is a fortress development?
A fortress development is a gated and guarded community of 'safe' living space and/or retail use, often located in suburban regions with limited access and designed around security and exclusion.
What is an edge city?
An edge city is a self-contained area of offices, retail, and leisure centres, typically located close to major transport links on the outskirts of city centres.
True or False?
Cultural and heritage quarters are unplanned areas that develop organically.
False.
Cultural and heritage quarters are typically planned areas focused on the history or character of a city, often developed by local councils to encourage growth and revitalise the local economy.
Define mixed-use development.
A mixed-use development is an urban development that blends residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, and entertainment uses into a single space, integrated both physically and functionally.
What is postmodernism in the context of urban development?
Postmodernism in urban development refers to the shift away from typical patterns of functional land use and architectural uniformity, focusing on service and knowledge-based economies and the return of middle-income people to city centres.
True or False?
Postmodern cities typically have a single, dominant centre.
False.
Postmodern cities are characterised by multiple centres with varying purposes.
Define social polarisation in the context of postmodern cities.
Social polarisation in postmodern cities refers to the widening gap between different social and economic groups, leading to increased inequality and segregation.
What is the primary economic focus of postmodern cities?
The primary economic focus of postmodern cities is on tertiary and quaternary industries, particularly service and high-tech sectors.
True or False?
Planning in postmodern cities prioritises functionality over form.
False.
Planning in postmodern cities tends to focus on city form over functionality.
What does economy of consumption mean in the context of postmodern cities?
The economy of consumption refers to an economic system focused on the purchase and use of goods and services rather than their production.
Define high-tech corridors in urban planning.
A high-tech corridor is an area within or near a city that is developed to attract and support technology-based businesses and research institutions.
What is meant by juxtaposed architectural styles in postmodern cities?
Juxtaposed architectural styles refer to the mixing of different architectural designs and periods within close proximity, creating a diverse and often eclectic urban landscape.
True or False?
Postmodern cities tend to have a homogeneous cultural makeup.
False.
Postmodern cities are typically characterised by high levels of cultural and ethnic diversity.
What does the word unfettered mean?
Unfettered refers to the unhindered movement of goods (typically money) across national borders, made possible by globalisation and cutting-edge communication technologies.
Define symbolism in postmodern urban architecture.
Symbolism in postmodern urban architecture refers to the use of design elements that convey meaning or represent ideas beyond their functional purpose.
What is meant by fragmented space in postmodern urban planning?
Fragmented space in postmodern urban planning refers to the division of urban areas into distinct, often disconnected zones with different purposes rather than following a unified functional layout.