The Global Commons (AQA A Level Geography)

Global commons are parts of the Earth that are not owned or managed by any single country but are shared resources that belong to everyone.

The principle of the common heritage of mankind is the idea that certain resources are essential for the survival and well-being of all people and should be managed in an equitable and sustainable way for the benefit of everyone.

The four global commons identified by international law are:

• Outer space.

• The atmosphere.

• The high seas (oceans).

• Antarctica.

The tragedy of the commons occurs when common resources are used in production in an unsustainable way, potentially causing resource depletion or industry collapse.

False.

The global commons are not owned or managed by any single entity, including the United Nations.

Global commons need to be protected because they are essential for human well-being and require a cooperative approach to management for the benefit of everyone, now and in the future.

The United Nations plays a key role in coordinating global management strategies and facilitating international cooperation for the governance of global commons.

False.

The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 by 12 countries whose scientists were active in and around Antarctica.

The purpose of UNCLOS is to govern the use and management of the high seas. It was adopted in 1982 and agreed by over 160 countries.

Three benefits of global commons are:

• Climate regulation.

• Economic value (e.g., through tourism and fishing).

• Cultural and spiritual significance.