Name the three types of wildfire.
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Name the three types of wildfire.
The three types of wildfire are:
Ground fires.
Surface fires.
Crown fires.
True or False?
Ground fires burn beneath the ground surface with tree roots and peat layers burning.
True.
Ground fires burn beneath the ground surface with tree roots and peat layers burning.
Name the one continent that does not experience wildfires.
The only continent that does not experience wildfires is Antarctica.
True or False?
Norway is one of the countries that experiences the highest number of wildfires.
False.
Norway is one of the countries that experience the lowest number of wildfires. Brazil, Indonesia and Australia are countries which experience the highest number of wildfires.
True or False?
Forest fires tend to be more dangerous and intense than grassland fires.
True.
Forest fires tend to be more dangerous and intense than grassland fires.
Define crown fire.
Crown fires burn through the canopy layer, which is the top layer of vegetation.
They are usually the most dangerous and destructive type of wildfire because they move quickly and often produce intense heat and flames.
What type of materials catch fire and burn most easily?
Fine, dry materials such as grasses and twigs catch fire and burn most easily.
True or False?
High temperatures and heatwaves decrease the rates of evaporation and make vegetation less susceptible to wildfires.
False.
High temperatures and heatwaves increase the rates of evaporation and make vegetation more susceptible to wildfires.
What is a common natural cause of wildfire ignition?
Lightning storms are a common natural cause of wildfire ignition.
Has the global number of wildfires increased or decreased since 1985?
Climate change has increased the frequency and severity of wildfires in many regions around the world since 1985.
Is monitoring of air quality a short or long-term response to wildfires?
Monitoring of air quality is a short-term response, which means that advisories can be issued about the risk of respiratory illness.
True or False?
Food shortages are a primary social impact of wildfires.
False.
Food shortages are a secondary social impact of wildfires.
Give two examples of the long-term environmental impacts of wildfires.
Long-term environmental impacts of wildfires include:
Increased soil erosion and leaching.
Damage to the soil and loss of soil fertility.
Increased risk of flooding.
Release of carbon emissions contributing to climate change.
True or False?
Public education programmes are a short-term response to wildfires.
False.
Public education campaigns to reduce the chance of wildfires are a long-term response.
Give two ways in which people can reduce the risk to their homes from wildfires.
People can reduce the risk to their homes from wildfires in several ways including:
Prune trees and keep them a safe distance from the house.
Stack firewood at least 10 metres from the house.
Mow grasses and weeds to keep them short.
Reduce vegetation close to the house.
Clean gutters and roofs to remove debris.
How many hectares were affected by the Black Summer Bushfires in Australia?
The Black Summer bushfires burned over 20 million hectares of land.
What were the causes of the Black Summer bushfires?
The causes of the Black Summer bushfires were:
Drought.
High temperatures.
Strong winds.
What type of tree growing in Australia is highly flammable?
Much of Australia’s forest is made up of eucalyptus trees which are highly flammable.
True or False?
Over 80 000 firefighters were involved in tackling the Black Summer bushfires.
True.
Over 80 000 firefighters were involved in tackling the Black Summer bushfires. The firefighters were from Australia but also New Zealand, Canada and the USA.
Define the term backburning.
Backburning is a strategy where firefighters light small fires ahead of a larger wildfire to reduce the amount of fuel available to help slow or stop the spread of the fire.