What are the three stages of glacial erosion?
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What are the three stages of glacial erosion?
The 3 stages of glacial erosion are:
Youthful
Mature
Aged
What is rock flour?
Rock flour occurs when ice slides across the bedrock and grinds the debris into a fine, but gritty, powder.
True or False?
Glacial polish is a rough surface that glaciers produce.
False.
Glacial polish is a smooth surface produced by rock flour.
What is a corrie?
A corrie is a bowl-shaped hollow made by glacial erosion on the side of a mountain.
Define arête.
An arête is a sharp, knife-edge ridge formed between two corries cutting back into a mountain.
Describe a pyramidal peak?
A pyramidal peak is a sharply pointed mountain summit with three or more arêtes radiating from the peak.
What are glacial striations?
Glacial striations are long grooves carved into bedrock by rocks trapped at the base of a moving glacier.
Define a hanging valley.
A hanging valley is a small valley that is elevated above the main glacial valley, often forming waterfalls when streams flow into the lower valley.
What is an outwash plain?
An outwash plain is a flat area where meltwater from a glacier deposits sediments.
What does a glacial trough mean?
A glacial trough is a deep, U-shaped valley formed by glacial erosion.
True or False?
Meltwater channels are typically shallow and meandering.
False.
Meltwater channels are typically steep-sided, deep, and straight.
Define fluvioglacial processes.
Fluvioglacial processes are erosion and deposition by flowing meltwater.
What does subglacial mean?
Subglacial refers to features or processes occurring beneath a glacier.
State the meaning of englacial.
Englacial refers to features or processes occurring within the body of a glacier.
What is a moulin?
A moulin is a vertical or nearly vertical shaft in a glacier through which meltwater flows.
What is the definition of outwash plain?
An outwash plain is a flat area where meltwater deposits sediments sorted by size, known as outwash.
What are varves?
Varves are annual layers of sediment or sedimentary rock.
True or False?
Eskers are formed from the erosion of rock by meltwater.
False.
Eskers are long ridges of sediment deposited by meltwater streams within or beneath glaciers.
What are kettle holes?
Kettle holes are depressions formed by melting blocks of ice left behind by retreating glaciers.
What are kames?
Kames are mounds of sand and gravel found on the glacial valley floor.
What does the term solifluction mean?
Solifluction is the slow, downslope flow of water-saturated soil and sediment due to gravity.
True or False?
Ice wedges form due to continuous cycles of freezing and thawing.
True.
Ice wedges form and grow larger due to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing.
Define patterned ground.
Patterned ground is the ordered arrangement of stones and soil into geometric shapes on the surface of periglacial areas.
What is a pingo?
A pingo is a mound of earth-covered ice found in periglacial areas, formed when a layer of underground ice pushes up the ground.
State the meaning of thermokarst.
Thermokarst refers to irregular land surfaces formed by the melting of ground ice in permafrost areas.
What is the definition of blockfields or felsenmeer?
Blockfields or felsenmeer, are extensive areas covered by large, angular boulders, typically found in periglacial regions.
True or False?
Periglacial landscapes are only found at high latitudes.
False.
Periglacial landscapes can also be found in high-altitude regions.
What are solifluction lobes?
Solifluction lobes are tongue-shaped masses of material moved downslope by solifluction.
Define an ice lens.
An ice lens is a layer or pocket of ice that forms in soil or sediment due to the accumulation and freezing of groundwater.
How are terracettes formed?
Terracettes are formed when saturated soil freezes, expands and forces the soil to heave upwards. During the melt period, the soil dries and collapses back vertically. Each cycle of frost heave and thaw moves the soil downslope, slowly forming a terraced environment.