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Quantitative & Qualitative skills (AQA A Level Geography)

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    What is the purpose of a Chi-Squared test?

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  • What is the purpose of a Chi-Squared test?

    A Chi-Squared test is used to test objectively whether connections between variables are due to chance or whether the variables depend on one another.

  • What is the Chi-Squared equation?

    The Chi-Squared equation is:

    x ² space equals space capital sigma space left parenthesis left parenthesis O space minus space E right parenthesis ² space divided by space E right parenthesis

    Where O is the observed value and E is the expected value.

  • What are the four steps in the Chi-Squared test process?

    The four steps in the Chi-Squared test process are:

    1) State the null hypothesis.

    2) Calculate the chi-squared figure using the equation.

    3) Test the significance of the result with a confidence level of 95% or 99%.

    4) Define the degrees of freedom (df) to use.

  • Define degrees of freedom (df) in Chi-Squared test.

    Degrees of freedom (df) in a Chi-Squared test is calculated as the number of rows minus 1 (n-1).

  • What confidence levels are typically used in Chi-Squared tests?

    Chi-Squared tests typically use confidence levels of 95% or 99%.

  • True or False?

    A hypothesis can be categorically proved using statistical techniques.

    False.

    A hypothesis cannot be categorically proved, it can only be accepted or rejected based on confidence levels.

  • What are the four factors to consider when evaluating the significance of coastal impacts or causes?

    The four factors to consider when evaluating significance are:

    • Time.

    • Scale.

    • Cost.

    • Ethics.

  • What is qualitative photo analysis?

    Qualitative photo analysis is an observational skill involving examining features in the foreground and background. These features are then related via annotation to the area you are focusing on.

  • True or False?

    In evaluative skills, the most expensive option is always considered the worst.

    False.

    In evaluative skills, it's important to consider whether the cost is worth the benefits, not just whether it's expensive or cheap.

  • True or False?

    There is no significant variation in sediment size along the beach is a null hypothesis.

    True.

    There is no significant variation in sediment size along the beach is a null hypothesis because the analysis of sediment size would involve a statistical test.

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    1. Topic 1

      The Water Cycle

    2. Topic 2

      The Carbon Cycle

    3. Topic 3

      Water, Carbon & Life on Earth

    4. Topic 4

      Quantitative & Qualitative Skills

    1. Topic 1

      Deserts as Natural Systems

    2. Topic 2

      Desert Systems & Processes

    3. Topic 3

      Arid Landscape Development

    4. Topic 4

      Desertification

    5. Topic 5

      Quantitative & Qualitative skills

    1. Topic 1

      Coasts as Natural Systems

    2. Topic 2

      Coastal Systems & Processes

    3. Topic 3

      Coastal Landscape Development

    4. Topic 4

      Coastal Management

    5. Topic 5

      Quantitative & Qualitative skills

    1. Topic 1

      Glaciers as Natural Systems

    2. Topic 2

      The Nature & Distribution of Cold Environments

    3. Topic 3

      Glacial Systems & Processes

    4. Topic 4

      Glaciated Landscape Development

    5. Topic 5

      Human Impacts on Cold Environments

    6. Topic 6

      Quantitative & Qualitative skills

    1. Topic 1

      The Concept of Hazards

    2. Topic 2

      Plate Tectonics

    3. Topic 3

      Volcanic Hazards

    4. Topic 4

      Seismic Hazards

    5. Topic 5

      Storm Hazards

    6. Topic 6

      Fires in Nature

    1. Topic 1

      Ecosystems & Sustainability

    2. Topic 2

      Ecosystems & Processes

    3. Topic 3

      Biomes

    4. Topic 4

      Ecosystems in the British Isles

    5. Topic 5

      Marine Ecosystems

    6. Topic 6

      Local Ecosystems

    1. Topic 1

      Globalisation

    2. Topic 2

      Global Systems

    3. Topic 3

      International Trade & Access to Markets

    4. Topic 4

      Global Governance

    5. Topic 5

      The Global Commons

    6. Topic 6

      Antarctica as a Global Common

    7. Topic 7

      Globalisation Critique

    1. Topic 1

      The Nature & Importance of Places

    2. Topic 2

      Relationships & Connections

    3. Topic 3

      Meaning & Representation

    4. Topic 4

      Quantitative & Qualitative skills

    1. Topic 1

      Urbanisation

    2. Topic 2

      Urban Forms

    3. Topic 3

      Urban Social & Economic Issues

    4. Topic 4

      Urban Climate

    5. Topic 5

      Urban Drainage

    6. Topic 6

      Urban Waste & Disposal

    7. Topic 7

      Other Contemporary Urban Issues

    8. Topic 8

      Sustainable Urban Development

    1. Topic 1

      Population & the Environment

    2. Topic 2

      Environment, Health & Well-Being

    3. Topic 3

      Population Change

    4. Topic 4

      Population Ecology

    5. Topic 5

      Global Population Futures

    1. Topic 1

      Resource Development

    2. Topic 2

      Natural Resource Issues

    3. Topic 3

      Water Security

    4. Topic 4

      Energy Security

    5. Topic 5

      Mineral Security

    6. Topic 6

      Resource Futures