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Population Change (AQA A Level Geography)

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  • FrontPopulation Change

    True or False?

    Natural population decrease occurs when birth rates are higher than death rates.

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Cards in this collection (32)

  • True or False?

    Natural population decrease occurs when birth rates are higher than death rates.

    False.

    Natural population decrease occurs when death rates are higher than birth rates.

  • Define the term fertility rate.

    The fertility rate is the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime.

  • What does the infant mortality rate mean?

    The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under 1 year old per 1 000 live births.

  • What does the term replacement level mean?

    The replacement level is the fertility rate at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next.

  • True or False?

    Poverty and poor medical infrastructure contribute to high death rates.

    True.

    Poverty and poor medical infrastructure contribute to high death rates.

  • What factors lead to higher fertility rates in some cultures?

    Factors that lead to higher fertility rates in some cultures include:

    • Preference for male children.

    • Discrimination against women.

    • Early marriage traditions.

    • Lack of access to contraception.

  • Define the term net reproduction rate.

    The net reproduction rate is the average number of daughters a woman would have if she survived to the end of her reproductive years.

  • What cultural factors can lead to lower fertility rates?

    Cultural factors that can lead to lower fertility rates include the following:

    • Certain religious beliefs.

    • Government population control policies.

    • Increased education for girls and women.

  • True or False?

    China's one-child policy operated from 1979 to 2015.

    True.

    China's one-child policy operated from 1979 to 2015.

  • What is natural population change?

    Natural population change is the difference between birth rates and death rates in a place.

  • Define vital rates.

    Vital rates are key statistics relating to births and deaths in a population, including the fertility rate, mortality rate and life expectancy.

  • What impact did Kerala's investment in girls' education have on fertility rates?

    Kerala's investment in girls' education helped bring down the fertility rate in the state from over 5 to 1.8 in 2021.

  • What is the Demographic Transition Model?

    The Demographic Transition Model is a model that describes how, as a country develops, changes in birth and death rates subsequently affect the population.

  • True or False?

    The original Demographic Transition Model had 5 stages.

    False.

    The original demographic transition model had 4 stages. A fifth stage was added in a recent version.

  • Identify two strengths of the Demographic Transition Model?

    Two strengths of the demographic transition model are:

    1. It can be easily applied to different settings.

    2. It can help demographers plan for predicted future changes.

  • Define the dependency ratio.

    The dependency ratio is the ratio of the dependent population (young and elderly) to the working-age population, expressed as a percentage.

  • What is the demographic dividend?

    The demographic dividend is the extra economic growth that occurs when the working-age population is higher than the non-working-age population. This usually happens when the population's age structure changes.

  • True or False?

    A high dependency ratio is typical of LICs in stage 2 of the demographic transition model.

    True.

    A high dependency ratio is typical of LICs in stage 2 of the demographic transition model, due to a youthful population structure with many young dependents.

  • What does a population pyramid show?

    A population pyramid shows the age-sex composition of a population at a given point in time.

  • Define economically active population.

    An economically active population is the portion of a population that is of working age (typically 15–64 years) and is earning income, paying taxes, and contributing to the support of dependents.

  • What shape does a population pyramid typically have in stage 4 of the demographic transition model?

    In stage 4 of the demographic transition model, a population pyramid typically has a rectangular or column-like shape with a relatively even distribution across age groups.

  • True or False?

    The dependency ratio tends to be lower in newly emerging economies in stage 3 of the demographic transition model.

    True.

    The dependency ratio tends to be lower in newly emerging economies in stage 3 of the demographic transition model.

  • Name the three main age-group categories used in population structures.

    The three main age-group categories used in population structures are: young dependents (0–14 years), economically active (15–64 years), and elderly dependents (65+ years).

  • How is the dependency ratio calculated?

    The dependency ratio is calculated as:

    fraction numerator Y o u n g space d e p e n d e n t s space plus space O l d space d e p e n d e n t s over denominator W o r k i n g space p o p u l a t i o n end fraction space cross times space 100

  • Define internal migration.

    Internal migration is the movement of people within a country, which doesn't affect the country's total population but does affect local population sizes.

  • What is the difference between an asylum seeker and a refugee?

    An asylum seeker is someone who has fled their country and is seeking protection.

    A refugee is someone whose asylum application has been successful and has been granted temporary or permanent residency.

  • True or False?

    Voluntary migrants are often economic migrants seeking better jobs and standard of living.

    True.

    Voluntary migrants are often economic migrants seeking better jobs and standard of living.

  • Diagram showing two circles labeled "Origin" and "Destination" with positive (+) and negative (–) factors, separated by "Intervening Obstacles" and a "Journey" arrow. Key provided.

    Identify the model and what it represents.

    The diagram is Lee's Push-Pull Model of Migration. The model shows that places of origin and destination have both positive and negative reasons to stay or leave. The more positives there are, the bigger the attraction. The intervening obstacles are the challenges and processes that a migrant will have to overcome at various stages during their migration.

  • Define remittances.

    Remittances are sums of money that migrants send back to their families or communities in their country of origin.

  • True or False?

    Globalisation has decreased the movement of migrants around the world.

    False.

    Globalisation has increased the movement of migrants around the world.

  • Define brain drain.

    A brain drain is the emigration of highly skilled or educated people from a country, resulting in a loss of expertise for the country of origin.

  • What is an intervening obstacle in the context of migration?

    An intervening obstacle in the context of migration is a difficulty that migrants encounter when deciding to leave or while traveling, such as travel expenses, family pressure, physical barriers, or governmental policies.

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    1. Topic 1

      The Water Cycle

    2. Topic 2

      The Carbon Cycle

    3. Topic 3

      Water, Carbon & Life on Earth

    4. Topic 4

      Quantitative & Qualitative Skills

    1. Topic 1

      Deserts as Natural Systems

    2. Topic 2

      Desert Systems & Processes

    3. Topic 3

      Arid Landscape Development

    4. Topic 4

      Desertification

    5. Topic 5

      Quantitative & Qualitative skills

    1. Topic 1

      Coasts as Natural Systems

    2. Topic 2

      Coastal Systems & Processes

    3. Topic 3

      Coastal Landscape Development

    4. Topic 4

      Coastal Management

    5. Topic 5

      Quantitative & Qualitative skills

    1. Topic 1

      Glaciers as Natural Systems

    2. Topic 2

      The Nature & Distribution of Cold Environments

    3. Topic 3

      Glacial Systems & Processes

    4. Topic 4

      Glaciated Landscape Development

    5. Topic 5

      Human Impacts on Cold Environments

    6. Topic 6

      Quantitative & Qualitative skills

    1. Topic 1

      The Concept of Hazards

    2. Topic 2

      Plate Tectonics

    3. Topic 3

      Volcanic Hazards

    4. Topic 4

      Seismic Hazards

    5. Topic 5

      Storm Hazards

    6. Topic 6

      Fires in Nature

    1. Topic 1

      Ecosystems & Sustainability

    2. Topic 2

      Ecosystems & Processes

    3. Topic 3

      Biomes

    4. Topic 4

      Ecosystems in the British Isles

    5. Topic 5

      Marine Ecosystems

    6. Topic 6

      Local Ecosystems

    1. Topic 1

      Globalisation

    2. Topic 2

      Global Systems

    3. Topic 3

      International Trade & Access to Markets

    4. Topic 4

      Global Governance

    5. Topic 5

      The Global Commons

    6. Topic 6

      Antarctica as a Global Common

    7. Topic 7

      Globalisation Critique

    1. Topic 1

      The Nature & Importance of Places

    2. Topic 2

      Relationships & Connections

    3. Topic 3

      Meaning & Representation

    4. Topic 4

      Quantitative & Qualitative skills

    1. Topic 1

      Urbanisation

    2. Topic 2

      Urban Forms

    3. Topic 3

      Urban Social & Economic Issues

    4. Topic 4

      Urban Climate

    5. Topic 5

      Urban Drainage

    6. Topic 6

      Urban Waste & Disposal

    7. Topic 7

      Other Contemporary Urban Issues

    8. Topic 8

      Sustainable Urban Development

    1. Topic 1

      Population & the Environment

    2. Topic 2

      Environment, Health & Well-Being

    3. Topic 3

      Population Change

    4. Topic 4

      Population Ecology

    5. Topic 5

      Global Population Futures

    1. Topic 1

      Resource Development

    2. Topic 2

      Natural Resource Issues

    3. Topic 3

      Water Security

    4. Topic 4

      Energy Security

    5. Topic 5

      Mineral Security

    6. Topic 6

      Resource Futures