Second Order Differential Equations (Edexcel A Level Further Maths: Core Pure): Exam Questions

Two compounds,  and , are involved in a chemical reaction. The amounts in grams of these compounds,  minutes after the reaction starts, are  and  respectively and are modelled by the differential equations

(a) Show that 

(b) Find, according to the model, a general solution for the amount in grams of compound present at time  minutes.

(c) Find, according to the model, a general solution for the amount in grams of compound present at time  minutes.

Given that  = 2 and  = 5 when  = 0

(d) find

(i) the particular solution for

(ii) the particular solution for

A scientist thinks that the chemical reaction will have stopped after 8 minutes.

(e) Explain whether this is supported by the model.

A scientist is investigating the concentration of antibodies in the bloodstream of a patient following a vaccination.

The concentration of antibodies, , measured in micrograms () per millilitre () of blood, is modelled by the differential equation

where  is the number of weeks since the vaccination was given.

(a) Find a general solution of the differential equation.

Initially,

• there are no antibodies in the bloodstream of the patient

• the concentration of antibodies is estimated to be increasing at 10  per week

(b) Find, according to the model, the maximum concentration of antibodies in the bloodstream of the patient after the vaccination.

A second dose of the vaccine has to be given to try to ensure that it is fully effective. It is only safe to give the second dose if the concentration of antibodies in the bloodstream of the patient is less than 5 .

(c) Determine whether, according to the model, it is safe to give the second dose of the vaccine to the patient exactly 10 weeks after the first dose.

Scientist is studying the effect of introducing a population of white-clawed crayfish into a population of signal crayfish.

At time  years, the number of white-clawed crayfish, , and the number of signal crayfish, , are modelled by the differential equations

a) Show that 

(b) Find a general solution for the number of white-clawed crayfish at time  years.

(c) Find a general solution for the number of signal crayfish at time years.

The model predicts that, at time  years, the population of white-clawed crayfish will have died out.

Given that  = 65 and  = 85 when  = 0

(d) find the value of , giving your answer to 3 decimal

(e) Suggest a limitation of the model.

An engineer is investigating the motion of a sprung diving board at a swimming pool.
Let  be the position of the end of the diving board when it is at rest in its equilibrium position and when there is no diver standing on the diving board.
A diver jumps from the diving board. The vertical displacement,  , of the end of the diving board above  is modelled by the differential equation

where  seconds is the time after the diver jumps.

(a) Find a general solution of the differential equation.

When  = 0, the end of the diving board is 20 cm below  and is moving upwards with a speed of 55 cm s^-1

(b) Find, according to the model, the maximum vertical displacement of the end of the diving board above .

(c) Comment on the suitability of the model for large values of .