Information Gaps (Edexcel A Level Economics A)

Information Gaps

• Information gaps exist in all free markets and distort market outcomes, resulting in market failure

  • One of the underlying assumptions of a free market is that there is perfect information in the market

  • This means that buyers and sellers have exactly the same level of information about the good/service. This is called symmetric information

  • In many markets buyers and sellers have different levels of information. This is called asymmetric information. For example, there is asymmetric information in the used car market - sellers know more about the vehicle than the buyers

•  Asymmetric information distorts socially optimal prices and quantities in markets, resulting in over-provision or under-provision of goods/services

  • For example, goods/services with dangerous side effects would be sold in lower quantities if buyers were aware of these effects (consider the VW emissions scandal). Fewer factors of production should be allocated towards producing these

  • Similarly, goods/services with extra benefits would be sold in higher quantities if buyers were aware of them. More factors of production should be allocated towards producing these