This question is about the preparation of organic solids, such as aspirin.
Give two reasons why small quantities of reagents are used in organic preparations.
The laboratory preparation of aspirin involves reacting salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride. Suggest why the salicylic acid is used in excess rather than ethanoic anhydride.
A preparation of methyl 3-nitrobenzoate contains the following instructions:
2.0 g of methyl benzoate is added to a small conical flask. The flask is immersed in an ice-water bath and 4.0 cm3 of concentrated sulfuric acid is slowly added.
A mixture of 1.5 cm3 of concentrated nitric acid and 1.5 cm3 of concentrated sulfuric acid is made in a separate test tube and immersed in the ice bath.
Suggest how the concentrated sulfuric and nitric acid could be measured safely.
Organic preparations frequently involved heating under reflux. Outline how this is carried out and explain the reason it is used.
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